How To Control Your Financial Future?It Can Happen!

Has an amazing business deal fallen through the cracks because a primary funding source refused to lend you the money needed to get the deal done? Have you been rejected by the bank when trying to obtain a loan?

Beyond the primary lending market, there is an alternative funding source known as the sub-prime or secondary market. The National Real Estate Investor published its Borrower Trends Survey in February 2006, which indicates after approaching banks, 32% of respondents cite private investors as debt sources. Another world of financing opportunities quick and easy to deal with and that want to lend to you!

According to the 2002 U.S. Census Bureau there are 271 secondary market financing establishments, a 22.5 percent increase in comparison to the 1997 survey results. The trend of increase is still developing as the secondary market gains wide visibility. Private lending, an alternative you should take into consideration, is a fast and flexible way to receive funding. An essential difference between the primary and secondary markets is secondary markets will accept higher risk and less than perfect credit.

Banks often will decline funds not only to imperfect credit sources, but also for not owning enough assets. Banks may also decline your request for a loan if the amount is not large enough! If you are trying to invest in a new office building and need the capital to get off to the right start, don?t give up! Research the secondary market and get the cash to purchase the building you need. If you need cash flow the secondary market is where you go!

The building blocks to your wealth start with stepping off the beaten path that traditionally led to banks, credit unions, and mortgage companies. The secondary lending market has expanded significantly over the years and accounts for a great deal of home and business purchases today. A multitude of business professionals and investors are seeking opportunities but don?t know where to turn.

Let?s get back to focusing on our goals and dreams and turn our backs on glass ceilings and closed doors. It?s the entrepreneurs that make our economy churn. What are you waiting for? Now is your chance to build businesses and wealth. I will see you on the early beaches of retirement!

Maria Fee is a mortgage professional, real estate investor, teacher, and master marketer with more than 20 years of business experience. Maria is the President of REMI KNOX, LLC, a group of investors who purchase real estate notes nationwide. Quoted by the media as an expert, she is continuously recognized for her extraordinary knowledge and real estate investing experience.

You too can discover hidden secrets to success with real estate notes. To take control of your financial future with proven strategies visit Maria's website at http://www.REMIKNOX.com. Happy investing!

Building Real Estate New Home Construction Tips

Your next few months constructing your new home could prove to be a time consuming and daunting task. You must recognize that it is difficult, if not impossible to have everything go smoothly. When buying a home while it is under construction you must have some key notes available. First, the contract of purchase and sale must be clear and very detailed to outline your expectations. It must describe the specifics including the details of the labor and materials used to satisfy your buying agreement. These stand from of construction contracts are available and these forms of agreement are designed to provide an enforceable agreement between the seller (builder) and the buyer.

If your developer asks for a deposit (which he will) make sure that it will be deposited into a trust account. If the agreement should default, the deposit should always be returned back to yourself. If the developer wishes to hold your deposit as a stake holder, the return of your deposit may be more difficult. In addition to the standard contract of purchase and sale, you should include a specifications sheet and the plans for the house. Building contracts are long, complex documents. Both parties (builder/seller and buyer) should obtain legal advice prior to entering into a building contract.

Do the walk though! Insist that prior to possession date, both parties conduct a walk-through of the property prior to possession date. Make sure that all the work is completed and agreed upon. At this time, both the seller and the buyer should sign and date the list. Copies should be given to both parties, realtor?s and lawyers involved. The crown has developed a program in 1998 called the Home Owners Protection Office. Essentially it is designed to protect the quality of construction in a new home development. This office licenses residential builders and building envelope renovators, monitor?s the provisions of mandatory third-party home warranty insurance and researches/educates the residential construction industry and consumers.

If you are the owner of a leaky home, the HPO will administer no-interest repair loan programs and PST relief grants for owners. They?re set up to ensure that no one has to lose their home due to the cost of repairing a leaky home. The reconstruction loan program provides no interest loans to homeowners and housing co-op?s who are unable to pay for the cost of repairs.

Your warranty includes a minimum of two years on labor and materials. Five years on the building envelope which includes water penetration. And ten years on the structure. In order to minimize confusion about warranties, the HPO created this 2, 5, 10 year home warranty insurance logo. It?s now used in the marketing campaigns of your local realtors and builders in the Residential real estate market of British Columbia homes. This should take place when you first occupy the home. You could always find more information on this topic by visiting www.hop.bc.ca

Finally make sure that your realtor inserts a clause clearly stating that the occupancy certificate must be obtained on or before completion date. However, landscaping and other outside work can still be in the process of completion. Your occupancy permit merely allows you to move into your new home! We hope this article helped you think of some things that you might not normally know. Please do not rely on this article as a guide or legal advice as you should always consult your lawyer or local realtor for advice, they are the expert.

Shane Toews is a Licenced Realtor who helps others to educate themselves on current real estate issues. He also provides assistance on how to locate quality homes, apartments or vacation rentals in Canada's Fraser Valley area. Visit his website RentFraserValley.com for more information on Canada's Fraser Valley Real Estate Market

Greater Washington D.C. A Great Place to Live

Metropolitan D.C. & Northern Virginia -- A great place to live

According to Northern Virginia Association of Realtors' Realtor Update Magazine, recent statistics show that the D.C. Region is the Place to Live, Learn, Thrive

The report points to the 2006 Regional Report by the Greater Washington Initiative which states that the Washington Metro area was among the best in the nation in 2005 in terms of job cration, economic growth and quality school systems. Greater Washington is now the fourth most populous metropolitan region in the nation, trailing only New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago!

The article details that unlike those areas, the Washington D.C. metro population is expected to increase 8.5 percent by 2010

Greater Washington generated 270,800 jobs during the past five years, more than any other major meto area, with an unemployment rate of 3.4% in 2005, far below the national average of 5.1%. Thirteen of the area's high schools are in Newsweek's Top 100 ranking. Greater Washington has a higher percentage of PhDs than any other metro area.

Ours is also a region of great diversity. Fairfax County has a higher density of foreign-born residents than Chicago, New York, or San Francisco. Minorities will comprise 46 percent of the population in Greater Washington by 2010. Twenty percent of area residents speak a language at home besides English.

Greater Washington's 2005 median household income was $72,799 -- the wealthies of any large metro area.

All those statistics confirm what many of us already knew -- Northern Virginia is a great place to live. That's why owning a home here is a great investment!

For additional information about the report visit http://www.greaterwashington.org

Brian Block is a Realtor with RE/MAX Allegiance in Alexandria, Virginia and a real estate attorney in Northern Virginia. He can be reached by e-mail at brian@brianblock.com. Find out the latest about the Northern Virginia real estate market at http://www.virginiarealestatenews.com and visit Brian's website at http://www.brianblock.com for the latest homes on the market.

The Fizzling Real Estate Boom

The last five or six years have been some of the best in real estate for a long, long time. There is little doubt those days are over, but what does this mean to you?

The Fizzling Real Estate Boom

For the last few years, we have seen an incredible surge in the real estate market. While some states such as Texas and Colorado missed out, most states showed hyper appreciation and sales rates. The combination of incredibly low interest rates and a solid economy created a frenzy in the market. This frenzy led to such amazing situations as homes in Las Vegas appreciating at rates of over 25 percent in a single year. A single year!

As with a bubble you might blow from gum, the good times had to come to an end. Recent reports from various credible sources show the real estate market slowing down. In many places, it is actually showing a reverse trend where home values are dropping instead of just slowing down. As a homeowner, what does this mean to you?

First off, there is no reason for you to panic. The appreciation you have seen on your property is a paper gain. This paper gain does not impact your financial situation until you actually sell your home and accept an offer. When discussing appreciation and home values, it is important to remember the figures represent a projection of wealth. If you make your mortgage payments on time and then sell in 10 years, the value of your home will only matter when you actually sell at the tenth year. The value in years 2, 5 or 7 is more or less irrelevant. As long as you are able to meet your debt repayment obligation, there is no reason to panic because your home is losing some value.

The real estate market will recover and so will the value of your home. Of course, many people would like to know when the recovery will occur. The truth is nobody really knows. At the moment, the gurus are suggesting the market will bottom out in 2007 at some point and then recover. Even if it takes till 2008, you should be fine. Once appreciation rates start moving in a positive direction, you will recover any of your paper losses in due course.

Yes, the real estate market is pulling back. If you relax and live in your home for a few years, the value will rise again.

Raynor James is with FSBO America - information on home values.

Finding The Right Breast Pump For Your Needs

Breastmilk is by far the best source of nutrition for infants; however, exclusive breastfeeding is not possible for all mothers. You can continue to feed your child breastmilk even though you may spend some time apart if you use a quality breast pump to express milk for his or her feedings. To begin finding the right breast pump you?ll need to answer a couple of questions. Why do you need a breast pump? How often will you need to express milk for your baby?

If you will need a pump to prepare an occasional feeding or to relieve engorgement then you will probably pump once or twice a day. For infrequent milk expression, manual pumps are the most cost effective choice. With a manual breast pump you control the speed and suction of the pump with the squeeze of your hand. This type of pump is convenient to take along anywhere since it is lightweight and do not require a power source. The Avent Isis has been the most preferred manual pump for quite some time. Other popular manuals include the Ameda One-Hand and the Medela Harmony.

If you need a pump because you will be returning to work then you will most likely need to express milk 4 to 5 times a day. An electric breast pump is a must-have item for mothers that will pump on a daily basis because using a manual would be quite time consuming. Electric pump models have multiple speed and suction settings that can be adjusted for comfort and maximum milk expression. These pumps also allow for expression from both breasts at the same time which is a great time saver for mothers that will pump multiple times each day. The Medela Pump in Style has been a trusted electric breast pump for many years as have the Ameda Purely Yours models. Avent?s new electric model, the Isis iQ Duo, is quickly gaining popularity amongst nursing mothers because it offers an infinite amount of suction and speed settings.

Once you have determined how often you will pump and the type that you will need, you can begin to evaluate the variety of brands and models. Reviewing side by side pump comparisons can help you to see how each pump stands up to the others in its class. Veteran breastfeeding mothers can also provide useful information since they have experience using the pumps. Reading through customer reviews can help you find out if other mothers share your concerns. Taking time to select the right pump is important because an uncomfortable breast pump can lead to a frustrating pumping experience which can put a strain on your breastfeeding relationship with your child.

About the Author:

Breast Pumps Direct, http://www.breastpumpsdirect.com, is a leading retailer of breast pumps that provides mothers with breast pump reviews, breast pump comparisons and breastfeeding information.

Luggage Comes In All Styles And Colors

Travel luggage is designed for professionals, sportsmen, men, women, kids and even animals. Luggage is manufactured all over the worlds so you will not have any trouble finding the perfect bag to carry your items.

When purchasing luggage find luggage that is durable and it has reinforced edges to help protect against bumping and throwing when being handled. When packing your clothes make a list of what you need this will speed up the packing process and if you bags get lost you will have a record of what is in inside the bag. Waiting on line to check your bags or getting your bags lost is no way to travel, bring your luggage on the plain with you and you can bypass the hassle of it all.

When choosing luggage make sure you research the weight of the bag because this will add to the weight allowance of the bag. Most have a weight limit or a quantity limit. It is much easier to use wheeled suitcases, and most of the travelers will agree if you are going to travel and you need to carry all of your belongings you need wheels, it is much easier to wheel luggage than to carry it.

There are many types of luggage tags available in the market. Luggage tags are now or can be as unique as you are. Luggage tags now are made of durable plastic. When traveling make sure you remove any old tags that are on your luggage, if you don't this might make your luggage be misrouted. In order to possibly prevent the misrouting of your luggage be sure any old flight information tags or information is removed from your luggage.

There are so many different styles and types of luggage on the market computer cases, leather briefcases, carry-on cases, totes, garment bags, kids luggage, garment carriers, duffel bags, backpacks. Moreover, leather luggage is heavier than others. Most quality brands of leather luggage have a definite style and elegance to them. With leather luggage, the handle is usually made of leather as well, which is very comfortable on your hands.

Using a bright tag on your luggage will help you see your bag quickly when trying to retrieve it and help from being stolen. Having a small carry on bag is convenient but not if you have to waste your supplies. If you are going on holiday then you will need a bag that is big enough to take all of your clothes, but do not forget that you will need to make some space for the things that you buy.

The wheels will make it easier for you to stroll through the airport, bus terminal, or a railway station. Some brands of kid's luggage have wheels that are gender based. Using carry online luggage with wheels is a real time saver, you do not need to waste your time waiting for your luggage so get the flight crew type of luggage with extendible handles and wheels that fit in the overhead bins.

Included in kid's luggage are backpacks with animals that ?hug? your child. Any parent who has ever shopped for school backpacks knows that a backpack is more than a bag for carrying books; the color, the features, and the design of backpacks are all important to a child, teen, or college student.

George Water and David Marc Fishman are the owners of auction. Priceriot is a new online auction where prices drop as people shop for discounts.

Child Car Seat Injuries How Safe is Your Child

In 1985, New York State implemented its first seat belt law, which made federally approved child safety seats mandatory for children under 4. While this law has saved countless lives, it is unfortunate that many children have been injured or have died as a result of flaws and defects in the child seats themselves.

In the past decade alone, over 11 million car seats in the United States have been recalled due to defects in design and integrity. All of the major child seat manufacturers have had recalls of their child seats, including Britax, Kolcraft, Fisher-Price, Evenlfo, Graco, Century and Cosco.

There are many ways in which children can be injured from child car seat defects. One of the most common injuries from portable infant seats is due to handle failure, where the handles break while the child is being carried in the seat. Other common injuries result from improper padding in the seat, clip defects on chest clips in 5-point harness seats, buckle defects, and defects in the locking mechanism of detachable infant seats.

Case in point - In April of 2008, Evenflo recalled two models of their Discovery Infant Car Seat that had been sold in New York State due to a manufacturing error that could ultimately cause the seat to separate from the base, which could result in serious injury to the child in a car accident.

Besides manufacturing flaws and defects, child car seats are notoriously complicated and difficult to install properly. Studies show that 80% of parents unknowingly install their children's car seats incorrectly.

Child car seat manufacturers need to end their practices of shoddy workmanship and lack of proper safety testing. They need to simplify confusing installation procedures. One way to get this message to child seat manufacturers is to hold them liable for every injury a child receives as a result of a defective car seat. Personal injury lawyers are a good way to make these manufacturers responsible for their careless breeches in workmanship and safety.

Submitted by Terri Polk at http://NewSunSEO.com

Goidel and Siegel : New York Personal Injury Lawyers
http://www.goidelandsiegel.com

Goidel and Siegel handle personal injury cases exclusively, and their knowledge of this area of the law is extensive. They have represented victims of serious accidents and assaults for more than 17 years. Goidel and Siegel are committed to obtaining the highest financial compensation for their clients who have been seriously injured.

They will fight for you in court - against giant insurance companies, landlords, or municipal / corporate defendants. Their record speaks for itself. Since the founding of their firm in 1990, they have recovered tens of millions of dollars in jury awards or settlements for their clients.

By Terri Polk

Breastfeeding Health Benefits for the Baby and the Mother

Breastfeeding is now accepted in our communities. The problem remains that most women who intend to breastfeed will give-up in the first six months. There are tangible measures we can take to help and support breastfeeding mothers.

Breastfeeding would be made easier for new mothers if there were more private areas where they could nurse their baby. Support groups and forums devoted to breastfeeding mothers have proven to encourage mothers to nurse longer.

More clinics solely devoted to breastfeeding mothers and their babies are needed countrywide.

Most women are convinced of the benefits of nursing their babies, they just give-up when faced with challenges they are not prepared or equipped to deal with. Among the many benefits for the baby to be nursed, there are: Breastfed babies are less sick, have fewer ear and pulmonary infections and are less hospitalized.

One of the greatest benefits of breastfeeding is the special bond it provides both the mother and the baby.

Breastfed babies have fewer allergies and are less prone to the dreaded sudden infant death syndrome. On the overall, breast milk provides the baby with the proper nutrients to its developing brain and is easily digested. It needs no preparation and is very economical.

For the nursing mother, there are also health benefits such as lowering their risk of post-partum hemorrhages, fewer risk of developing breast cancer later on in life and some types of ovarian cancers.

Our society needs to take tangible actions to facilitate breastfeeding and improve the long term persistence. Fathers can play a crucial role in supporting the breastfeeding mother by taking over the other tasks like preparing meals, changing the baby?s diaper or giving the baby a bath, etc

A long term plan is well needed is governments really want to help new mothers continue breastfeeding for longer periods and diminish the important drop rate after a few months.

Support groups and complete information web sites on breastfeeding and solutions to the usual problem encountered by breastfeeding mothers are a must. Such information as what to do if baby seams not satisfied? How to deal with sensible skin in the first few weeks of breastfeeding? The proper positions while breastfeeding, etc would be of great help to nursing mothers.

The overall benefits of breastfeeding are tremendous for the baby and the mother. By encouraging and supporting breastfeeding mothers, society would insure a healthier and happier generation of developing babies.

For more information now go to: http://www.hypno-beginning.com/yourpregnancy.htm http://www.hypno-beginning.com

Wearing Your Baby

Wearing Your Baby

by: Bruce
Hughbanks

Copyright 2005, Bruce Hughbanks, Founder / Director / CEO -
The Employment Alternative Group

Wearing Your Baby



If you're looking for the perfect gift for the parents-to-be, nothing comes close to the gift of a wearable baby. Years ago, the only way to take your baby along was in a stroller or pram, or to carry her in your arms. All that changed with the introduction of the soft baby carrier, a way to carry your baby and still leave your arms and hands free for other things.



Wearable babies are not a concept new to this culture. Native American women carried their babies on papoose boards on their backs, or tucked close against their bodies with a swath of deerskin. In many countries, babies are tucked into sling carriers - pleated lengths of cloth that tie over one shoulder and support the baby against the opposite hip. There's little doubt in anyone's mind that babies who are 'snugli'd' are happier and more comfortable with being put down when it's time to put them down.



Snugli, the name brand soft baby carrier that's now distributed by Evenflo, brought the concept of the wearable baby back into popularity about 25 years ago. That was just about the time that my oldest daughter was born, and the idea of having her close to my heart fit so perfectly with all my beliefs about raising children that I had to have one. They weren't easy to find at the time - and I ended up making one of my own, using a pattern that was passed from mother to mother in my La Leche League group. I can attest first-hand to the advantages of the wearable baby.



My Snugli was more than a way to carry my daughter. It was her soother. On afternoons when nothing would soothe her fussing, I'd tuck her into the Snugli where the warmth of my body and the rhythm of my movements calmed and reassured her. I learned to take advantage of the Snugli - I wore my baby while vacuuming the carpet, while walking to the store, while hiking through Purgatory Chasm. In winter, I wore her in her Snugli, cozy against my chest and simply buttoned my coat over the both of us together. When she was old enough to sit up by herself, I slipped it around to the back, and she rode it piggyback style - while her baby brother took her place in a new Snugli against my chest.



Snugli now makes a full range of soft and framed carriers for babies, to fit newborns to 18 months old. They're available in a variety of patterns and colors, in winter weight and summer weight, and with varying degrees of padding. You can buy a Snugli at any Toys R Us, Kmart, Walmart or any one of dozens of other stores. While it might not technically be baby clothes, a Snugli is easily the most important thing your baby can wear.

About The Author

Bruce
Hughbanks is Dedicated to helping others World Wide.
Contributed to the Advancement of Self Improvement, Sefl Motivation,
and Success. Build First a Stong Foundation.
http://www.Hughbanks.com
(Another TeagINC
Network Production)

Friends and Family Should be Priority!

Experience True Freedom! The Employment Alternative Group

http://www.TheEmploymentAlternativeGroup.com

The Backgammon Board

For over five thousand years plus the backgammon board hasn't changed much, the basic layout and design has remained the same for the whole time. Of course the materials of the board have changed and now the game is played online so that the graphics are far superior to probably traditional boards, but the undeniable fact is the board is still the same as it was in the very beginning.

No matter what materials are used to make the board whether wood or card board or hand made timbers, or add-ons like cotton or velvet, that give extra padding below the board for better surfacing, or artistic woodworks to add glitter to the playing ambience. The playing surface hasn't altered.

The board's heritage remains constant; tracing the roots of the board will take you on a journey that passes through many different decades and dynasties.

The Basic Design

The layout of the board consists of four distinguishable quadrants and a thick ridge bar in the middle separating the two boards of the two players.

Don't forget backgammon is a sort of war game, two armies of 15 men each trying to defeat each other in an open combat game; a good way to illustrate this picture is with the two divisions which make up the points, which look like spear heads pointing at the opposition.

Between them lies No Man's Land or the Bar.

Inner and Outer Boards

Divided into four quadrants containing six triangles each, each with its own colour to differentiate itself and centrally divided by the Bar. Each portion has two quadrants. The two sides of the Bar are referred to as Home Boards of the two players. The Home Board is the one nearer to you and the one furthest from you the outer Board. This applies in equal part to the opposition.

Remember the Bar not only divides you and your opposition but is also the place when or if any checker is hit, that checker is placed on the bar and cannot move until the correct number is thrown.

Hence, No man's land.

Although boards do come in all different shapes and sizes and materials and are available on line, the fundamental backgammon board hasn't changed in over 5000 years and probably never will.

After all if it isn't broken, why try to fix it?

Want to learn more about backgammon ? come and visit my site and get the know rules and strategies for winning backgammon games. Basic backgammon rules, advanced and variation. The site also includes a full game play glossary. Enjoy the game !

About the Author

David Lambert has been playing backgammon ever since he was a young kid, he enjoys the backgammon game more then any other board game out there.

Keeping Baby Safe Your Most Important Role As A Parent

Saying Thanks, But No Thanks to Used Safety Equipment

Once your beautiful bundle of joy arrives, the work of raising your child really begins. The biggest job you have as a parent is keeping your baby safe. Yet, it is impossible to watch over your children twenty-four hours a day.

Thankfully, there are many safety products available to keep them from getting hurt. These products include safety gates, outlet covers, oven and table bumpers, doorknob covers, bed rails, locks and guards, and many more. As a parent, you need to use products that are one step ahead of their children's abilities, and can do so by getting down on their level and looking around. This gives you a child's eye perspective of child safety issues in your home.

But with so many products to buy and so many different brand names, how do you decide what products you need most? The best thing to do when it comes to safety is buy new products rather than used ones. An older, used product may have been recalled due to dangerous safety issues, or it may be damaged from previous use. Although hand-me-downs are great for clothes and toys, your childs safety is just too important to leave to chance. Babies R Us is a great place to find all the safety products you need.

That still leaves the issue of how to choose between one safety gate, for instance, and another. Here are some purchasing tips for some of the more popular safety items you will need for your baby.

Car Seats

More children are seriously injured and killed in auto accidents than in any other type of accident. Each year, hundreds of lives could be saved if children were protected in cars by using child safety seats. Using a child safety seat is the best protection you can give your child when traveling by car.

When purchasing a car seat, look for:

* Label states that it meets or exceeds the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards;
* Is the car seat appropriate for your child's height and weight?
* Be aware of the type of seat belts your car has; all car seats are not compatible with all seat belts;
* Check recent car seat recalls before making a purchase;
* Be sure that the seat you choose fits your child - a smaller baby can slip out of a seat that's too large. Infants one year or younger and up to 20 pounds must be placed in a rear-facing seat, toddlers (older than 1 year and between 20 and 40 pounds) may use a forward-facing seat, and children who are between 40 and 80 pounds need to be placed in a booster seat;
* Consider choosing a seat that is upholstered in fabric - it may be more comfortable for your child.

Safety Gates

Baby safety gates are an essential element in making your home baby proof. Now that he's on the move, every nook and cranny is a potential area of exploration for him. Your baby is curious about his new environment, wanting to investigate each little corner and new room. The best way to make sure he can't do any harm to himself is to install safety gates. These will prevent him from reaching the stairs, kitchen, or an office room, where there might be many wires and electrical equipment just at his height

Accordion gates, which open to form diamond-shaped patterns with wide V's at the top, can trap a baby's head and have resulted in strangulation deaths. In January 1985, gate manufacturers halted production of these gates, but there are still an estimated 15 million gates in use. Mesh gates also can be dangerous because a toddler's fingers can become trapped.

When purchasing a safety gate, look for the following:

* A hardware-mounted gate that attaches to the doorframe without any openings to trap fingers or necks. Pressure-mounted gates should not be used between rooms of different levels or at the top of stairs; children can dislodge them and take a tumble.
* Gates that swing out should never be used at the top of stairways;
* Nonflexible vertical slats or rods should be no more than 2 3/8 inches apart;
* Check for sharp edges and protrusions that could hurt a toddler's hands;
* Avoid gates with structures that could give a child a foothold for climbing. Keep large toys away from the gate to prevent a child from using them to climb over;
* The gate should be no less than 3/4 of the child's height

Playpens

These high-sided, enclosed play areas are popular because they allow parents to put their baby down with the knowledge that he can't wander off. It is great when you have to answer the phone, do a bit of ironing, or just catch a quick breath!

When purchasing a playpen, look for the following:

* Holes in the mesh should be no larger than 1/4 inch to keep small fingers from getting caught;
* The sides should be at least 20 inches high, measured from the floor of the playpen;
* Look for padding on the tops of the rails to protect your baby from bumps;
* The locks that allow you to lower a side should be out of your baby's reach.

Baby Monitors

The idea behind a baby monitor is that you can have the ability to move around the house or your yard and still be able to keep tabs on your baby by listening or now viewing your baby. This can help alert you to a crying baby, a baby who needs your help or just help you watch baby while he or she sleeps.

The baby/nursery monitor that you buy will have different levels of mobility. The base usually plugs into the wall, usually the nursery or wherever your baby is sleeping. The receiver can plug in or be mobile. If you intend to use the monitor as you move from room to room, you will want to invest in the mobile kind, versus the stationary variety.

When purchasing a baby monitor, look for the following:

* There should be at least two channels to choose from;
* Be sure that you have a low battery indicator light. Without this you might be listening to the receiver, thinking all is quiet in the baby's room, when in fact all you've got is a dead battery;
* Has a power-on light so that you can know the unit is on without disturbing the baby;
* Has a volume control to put you in charge of how loudly you wish to hear your baby;
* Are you planning to carry around your end of the monitoring system? Then you might want a belt clip!

Bath Seats

A bath seat gives your child added support while in the bathtub and can help prevent a soapy baby from slipping out of your hands and hitting her head on the tub. Keep in mind, however, that you should NEVER leave your child unattended in the tub!

When purchasing a bath seat, look for the following:

* Never use a bath seat on textured or non-skid surfaces unless the manufacturers instructions specifically state the seat is intended for such surfaces;
* Look for the JPMA Certification Seal.

Always remember, no matter what safety product you are buying, to look at the features to be sure they meet your specific requirements. Also check to be sure that the product you are considering has not recently been recalled. The safety of your child is of utmost importance dont leave it to chance!

By Claire Bowes

New Homebuyers: Have You Considered the Hidden Costs of Owning A Home?

There?s no better feeling than pulling into your driveway ? cutting your lawn ? cooking in your kitchen ? swimming in your pool. After all, owning a home is the ?American dream?.

But the cost of maintaining your home can quickly turn into a nightmare, if you are not prepared.

When you go through the home buying process, you?ll learn all about the mortgage, closing costs, homeowners insurance, down payments, inspection. These are all standard expenses when buying a home.

But what happens after you move in?

Here are 5 ?hidden costs? all first time homebuyers need to consider when planning your budget for your home purchase ? so you don?t end up in a pile of credit card debt:

1) Furnishing your home ? if you?re buying a home that?s bigger than your current residence, make sure to have some money set aside for new furniture. Having lots of rooms is nice. But having empty rooms can get frustrating very quickly.

2) Tools and equipment ? if you?re renting, most (if not all) of the maintenance is done by the landlord. Stocking up on new hardware, lawn equipment, power tools all cost money. And while your first trip to your local home improvement center can be exciting, it can also be very expensive, so be prepared!

3) Replacing broken items ? one of the most unpleasant aspects of owning a home is maintenance. No matter how old or new the house is, things break. And they often break at the wrong times (when money is tightest, right after a big expense, etc)! Fixing a broken lock is relatively simple and inexpensive. Replacing a furnace or roof usually requires an expert, and a big savings account.

4) Fees for services ? if you are hooked up to city water and sewer, there is usually a fee that is not covered by your local property taxes. If you have a well and/or septic tank, these require periodic cleaning and maintenance. You may also have to pay for garbage pickup, recycling, lawn maintenance, snow removal, etc. While most of these are not that expensive, they can add up quickly!

5) Making the house ?yours? ? even if you move into a house that is in great shape, chances are you will want to add your own personal touch. If you move into a house that needs some work, you may have to add lots of personal touches (and lots of paint and accessories). Even if you like ?do-it-yourself? projects, materials cost money.

And don?t underestimate how much time you?ll spending getting ? and keeping ? your house the way you want it.

Don?t be discouraged by all the ?hidden costs? of home ownership. Just make sure you have a budget, and a plan, for making your house your own!

Kris Bickell is the owner of http://www.HouseBuying-Tips.com, a site that helps first time home buyers avoid the costly mistakes that many new homebuyers make. For more tips on buying a house, getting a mortgage, finding a realtor, and getting out of debt, sign up for the free ?How To Avoid These 10 Costly Mistakes When Buying Your First Home? email course at: http://www.HouseBuying-Tips.com/

Having Fun with Backgammon Online

Welcome to Backgammon! A game that survives 5000 years, largely unchanged, and is still played by millions of people, must have some unique and fascinating features. At first sight, backgammon appears to be deceptively simple game of chance and indeed a little kid can be taught to play it as a simple game of luck in 30 minutes. However, the problems of strategy, position and timing are always a matter of dispute, even amongst the top players of the world.

The game of backgammon is quite similar to one of the world's most popular game - Poker. The backgammon player must, like the poker player, makes the agonizing choice of accepting or refusing a doubling of the stakes, but unlike poker there are no hidden hands, and therefore less bluff- as you can see your opponent's men and every moves he makes. Of course, another similar feature is that both poker and backgammon can be played online.

Currently, there are some many online gaming websites that allow one to play backgammon for free or a small fee. Backgammon online has become so common that the traditional way of playing the game seems to be losing its popularity. This is because some of these backgammon online games are so realistic that the players feel as though they are playing the real thing. The powerful technology used in the gaming software has given the traditional game a revival and advanced it to a higher level. For instance, there is a total revolution in the appearance of the backgammon board and the added features to the game simply make it more addictive.

One of the new features of playing backgammon online is that you enjoy the flexibility of changing the backgammon board any time you like. You can easily change the color of the board by clicking on a few buttons and you can even customize it to the look that you preferred. This gives a huge advantage over the conventional game where the players have to stick to the same old board every game they played. This is likely to remain the same unless they decide to purchase a new board.

Another benefit of playing backgammon online is that there will never be a shortage of players. By joining one of the hundreds of backgammon clubs on the internet, you will be able to compete against any opponent that wish to take you on. If you are game enough, you can even choose to play against a computerized player who is always available to take you on. This will save you the hassle of finding a human player, which may takes a long time. It will also avoid the embarrassing issues of losing to your friends or the occurrence of any hard feelings.

Some of the more advanced backgammon software even allows the players to chat online while they are playing the game. This has definitely revolutionized the way that the game is being played. You can enjoy chatting to your friends and playing the game, while sitting in the comfort of your home. What better way to keep in touch with your friends without the need to get out of your house!

For more information on how to play backgammon, playing backgammon online, backgammon boards or backgammon directions, please visit the following website: http://backgammon.mygeneralknowledge.com/Articles/PlayingBackgammonOnline.php

About the Author

Steel Building FAQs

Some of the common types of steel buildings found are agricultural buildings, aircraft-hangars, churches, schools, retail buildings, gymnasiums, commercial buildings, institutional buildings, sports centers, riding arenas, self storage units and warehouses.

1. Is erecting steel buildings a cost effective option?

Yes, a steel building is a cost effective solution when compared with traditional building methods. Customers can save considerable time by erecting steel buildings.

2. What are steel buildings made from?

Steel buildings are constructed with heavy gauge steel for additional strength. Some are made in red-iron and solid I-beam commercial grade steel.

3. What are the benefits of using steel buildings?

Steel buildings require less maintenance. They are durable and inexpensive than most construction materials. Steel buildings are light weight and fire retardant. They can also withstand unfavorable weather conditions such as heavy snow, tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes. These buildings prevent rusting and rotting.

4. Are color options available in steel buildings?

A wide range of color options and panel of shades are offered. Customers can choose colors according to their taste.

5. What are the components supplied?

Ceiling lights, windows, doors, vents, porticos, skylights, breeze ways and wall lights are some of the components provided for steel buildings.

6. Who will help to erect a steel building?

Some people erect their steel buildings themselves. Most of the suppliers provide an easy to follow instruction manual along with the components and parts of the steel building. By following the instructions, the steel building can be easily erected. Companies also provide professional contractors to erect the steel building.

7. Are steel buildings insulated?

Different types of insulation solutions with a range of R-values are available in the market.

8. Does the manufacturer offer warranty for the buildings?

Most of the steel building companies come attached with some kind of warranty programs on their buildings. Some suppliers offer warranty on the different components and parts.

http://www.a1steelbuildings.com/commonquestions.html

http://www.afjconstruction.com/faq/faq.htm

http://www.alliedbuildings.com/faqs.htm

http://steelwise.com/swfaq.asp

http://www.crownsteelbuildings.com/steelbuildingsFAQ.htm

Steel Buildings provides detailed information on Steel Buildings, Commercial Steel Buildings, Pre-Fabricated Steel Buildings, Steel Storage Buildings and more. Steel Buildings is affiliated with Metal Building Kits.

Circuit Training for a wellrounded exercise program!

Circuit Training & Circuit Training Routines

Circuit training routines are one of my favourite training sessions, whether for myself personally, or for clients. I use circuit training as part of injury rehabilitation programs, for conditioning elite level athletes, or to help my clients lose weight. I use circuits for just about everything.

I was introduced to circuit training routines by an exceptional sports coach by the name of Col Stewart. Col is one of those rare coaches who can take just about any sport, and devise a specific training program that always produces outstanding improvements for his athletes.

Col's circuit training routines are largely responsible for the success of many of his world champion athletes. Including his son, Miles Stewart (World Champion Triathlete), Mick Doohan (World 500cc Motorcycle Champion), and countless others from sports as diverse as roller-skating, squash, and cycling.

Many other coaches are also impressed by circuit training and use it regularly.

Brian Mackenzie from Sports Coach says, Circuit training is an excellent way to simultaneously improve mobility, strength and stamina.

Workouts for Women state circuit training is one of the best methods of exercising as it provides excellent all round fitness, tone, strength, and a reduction of weight and inches. In short, maximum results in minimum time.

And another site referred to circuit training as an ideal way to build versatility, overall strength and fitness, as well as to consolidate your mastery of a wide variety of physical skills.

So what is Circuit Training?

Circuit training consists of a consecutive series of timed exercises performed one after the other with varying amounts of rest between each exercise.

For example, a simple circuit training routine might consist of push-ups, sit-ups, squats, chin-ups and lunges. The routine might be structured as follows, and could be continually repeated as many times as is necessary.

* Do as many push-ups as you can in 30 seconds, then rest for 30 seconds.
* Do as many squats as you can in 30 seconds, then rest for 30 seconds.
* Do as many sit-ups as you can in 30 seconds, then rest for 30 seconds.
* Do as many lunges as you can in 30 seconds, then rest for 30 seconds.
* Do as many chin-ups as you can in 30 seconds, then rest for 30 seconds.

What makes Circuit Training so good?

The quick pace and constant changing nature of circuit training places a unique type of stress on the body, which differs from normal exercise activities, like weight training and aerobics.

The demands of circuit training tend to prepare the body in a very even, all-round manner. I have found circuit training to be an exceptional form of exercise to aid in the prevention of injury. Circuit training is one of the best ways I've found to condition your entire body (and mind).

There are many other reasons why circuit training is a fantastic form of exercise, and what most of these reasons come down to is flexibility. In other words, circuit training is totally customizable to your specific requirements.

Circuit training can be totally personalized. Whether you're a beginner, or an elite athlete, you can modify your circuit training routine to give you the best possible results.

A circuit training routine can be modified to give you exactly what you want. Whether you want an all-over body workout, or you just want to work on a specific body area, or you need to work on a particular aspect of your sport, this can all be accommodated.

Also, you can change the focus of your circuit training routine to emphasize strength, endurance, agility, speed, skill development, weight loss, or any other aspect of your fitness that is important to you.

Circuit training is time efficient. No wasted time in between sets. It's maximum results in minimum time.

You can do circuit training just about anywhere. One of my favourite places for doing circuit training is at some of the parks and playground areas near where I live.

Circuit training is a favourite form of exercise for the British Royal Marine Commandos because they tend to spend a lot of time on large ships. The confined spaces means that circuit training is sometimes the only form of exercise available to them.

You don't need expensive equipment. You don't even need a gym membership. You can just as easily put together a great circuit training routine at home or in a park. By using your imagination, you can devise all sorts of exercises using things like chairs and tables, and even children's outdoor play equipment like swings and monkey bars.

Another reason why I like circuit training so much is that it's great fun to do in pairs or groups. Half the group exercises while the other half rests and motivates the exercising members of the group.

The main types of Circuit Training

As mentioned before, circuit training can be totally customized, which means there are an unlimited number of different ways you can structure your circuit training routine. However, here are a few examples to give you some idea of the different types available.

Timed Circuit
This type of circuit involves working to a set time period for both rest and exercise intervals. For example, a typical timed circuit might involve 30 seconds of exercise and 30 seconds of rest in between each exercise.

Competition Circuit
This is similar to a timed circuit but you push yourself to see how many repetitions you can do in the set time period. For example, you may be able to complete 12 push-ups in 30 seconds. The idea is to keep the time period the same, but try to increase the number of repetitions you can do in the set time period.

Repetition Circuit
This type of circuit is great if you're working with large groups of people who have different levels of fitness and ability. The idea is that the fittest group might do, say 20 repetitions of each exercise, the intermediate group might only do 15 repetitions, while the beginners might only do 10 repetitions of each exercise.

Sport Specific or Running Circuit
This type of circuit is best done outside or in a large, open area. Choose exercises that are specific to your particular sport, or emphasize an aspect of your sport you'd like to improve. Then instead of simply resting between exercises, run easy for 200 or 400 metres. You can even use sprints or fast 400 metre runs as part of your choice of exercises.

Some Important Precautions

Circuit training is a fantastic form of exercise, however, the most common problem I find is that people tend to get over excited, because of the timed nature of the exercises, and push themselves harder than they normally would. This tends to result in sore muscles and joints, and an increased likelihood of injury.

Below are two precautions you need to take into consideration.

Firstly, your level of fitness. If you've never done any sort of circuit training before, even if you consider yourself quite fit, start off slowly. The nature of circuit training is quite different to any other form of exercise. It places different demand on the body and mind, and if you're not used to it, it will take a few sessions for your body to adapt to this new form of training. Be patient.

Secondly, you're warm-up and cool-down are crucial. Don't ever start a circuit training routine without a thorough warm-up that includes stretching. As I mentioned before, circuit training is very different from other forms of exercise. Your body must be prepared for circuit training before you start your session.

For more information on how to warm-up and cool-down properly, review the following articles.

Warm-up: http://www.thestretchinghandbook.com/archives/warm-up.htm
Cool-down: http://www.thestretchinghandbook.com/archives/cool-down.htm
About the author:

Article by Brad Walker. Brad is a leading stretching and sports injury consultant with over 15 years experience in the health and fitness industry. For more articles on the prevention & treatment of sports injury, subscribe to The Stretching & Sports Injury Newsletter by visiting http://www.thestretchinghandbook.com/.


STRETCHING - Scientifically, The latest scientific studies and research findings.Brad Walker - Walkerbout Health Pty LtdSTRETCHING - Scientifically

Without a doubt, the most common questions I'm asked is; What's your view on the latest scientific studies and research findings in regards to stretching?

The short answer is; They all make for interesting reading, but I don't put a huge amount of confidence in them. Let me explain why.

Most of the studies I've reviewed attempt to determine the effects of stretching on injury prevention. This is a mistake in itself, and shows a lack of understanding as to how stretching is used as part of an injury prevention program.

Stretching, by itself, will not prevent injury. In fact, stretching can cause injury if certain precautions aren't taken.

Plus, it's not just a flexibility problem that can lead to injury. It could be a strength imbalance. It could be a stability or balance problem. It could be a proprioceptive imbalance. It could have to do with postural imbalances. It could have to do with physical imbalances like leg length differences. Or, it could simply be a matter of trying to do too much, too soon.

Stretching is just one very important component that assists in reducing the risk of injury. The best results are achieved when stretching is used in combination with other injury reduction techniques.

Stretching and its effect on physical performance and injury prevention is something that just can't be measured scientifically. The effects of stretching are very hard to measure and all the studies that I have seen are nothing more than anecdotal studies. Meaning the results achieved, or not achieved, are simply that persons perception of what has improved or not improved.

You see, stretching is not a science. It is near impossible to PROVE anything about stretching, scientifically. Sure you can measure the effect of stretching on flexibility with simple tests like the Site and Reach test but then to determine how that affects athletic performance or injury susceptibility is near impossible. The only way to do it would be with muscle biopsy's, which can be extremely painful and lead to muscle damage if done repeatedly.

I've seen so many people benefit from stretching and increased flexibility, that I'm absolutely positive it is beneficial. Most people involved in the hands-on side of coaching and sports training aren't worried by this type of study. It's mostly the academics that do the majority of there coaching from behind a desk, that are influenced by these studies.


So what can we say about the benefits of stretching...

Firstly
Upon undertaking a regular stretching program a number of changes occur within the body. Firstly, by placing particular parts of the body in certain positions, we are able to increase the length of muscles and tendons. As a result of this, a reduction in general muscle tension is achieved and our normal range of movement is increased.

By increasing our range of movement we are increasing the distance our limbs can move before damage occurs to the muscles and tendons. For example, the muscles and tendons in the back of our legs are put under great strain when kicking a football. Therefore, the more flexible and pliable those muscles are, the further our leg can travel forward before a strain or injury occurs to them.

The benefits of an extended range of movement includes: increased comfort; a greater ability to move freely; and a lessening of our susceptibility to muscle and tendon strain injuries.

Secondly
There is a dangerous stretching myth that says, 'if you stretch too much you will lose both joint stability and muscle power. This is totally untrue. By increasing our muscle and tendon length we are increasing the distance over which our muscles are able to contract. This results in a potential increase to our muscles' power and therefore increases our athletic ability, while also leading to an improvement in dynamic balance, or the ability to control our muscles.

Thirdly
We have all experienced what happens when you go for a run or to the gym for the first time in a few months. The following day our muscles are tight, sore, stiff and it's usually hard to even walk down a flight of stairs. This soreness that usually accompanies strenuous physical activity is often referred to as post exercise muscle soreness. This soreness is the result of micro tears, (minute tears within the muscle fibres), blood pooling and accumulated waste products, such as lactic acid. Stretching, as part of an effective cool-down, helps to alleviate this soreness by lengthening the individual muscle fibres, increasing blood circulation and removing waste products.

Fourthly
Fatigue is a major problem for everyone, especially those who exercise. It results in a decrease in both physical and mental performance. Increased flexibility through stretching can help prevent the effects of fatigue by taking pressure off the working muscles. For every muscle in the body has an opposite or opposing muscle and if the opposing muscles are more flexible, the working muscles do not have to exert as much force against the opposing muscles. Therefore each movement of the working muscles actually takes less effort.

And finally
Any person who experiences the benefits of stretching is certainly more likely to feel good about themselves. This leads to a confidence and assuredness, which helps to enhance physical performance and motivate the individual to participate in exercise.
About the author:

Article by Brad Walker. Brad is a leading stretching and sports injury consultant with over 15 years experience in the health and fitness industry. For more articles on the prevention & treatment of sports injury, subscribe to The Stretching & Sports Injury Newsletter by visiting http://www.thestretchinghandbook.com/.

How To Get Your Kids Out The Door On Time

 



How To Get Your Kids Out The Door On TimeSubmitted By: Lily Morgan  

If you struggle in the mornings with unmotivated and forgetful children who drag their feet, and you always seem to be running late, stop the chaos! With preparation, motivation, and these tips, you can get your family to school and you can be on time from now on.

Prepare, Prepare, Prepare

? Perform most of your morning routine the night before.
? Pack lunches in advance
? Gather school supplies and books
? Lay out clothing (complete with shoes) before going to bed.
? Have everyone shower at night if possible.
? Set the breakfast table after the supper dishes are cleared away.
? Keep ready-to-grab-and-go breakfast foods available for rushed mornings
? Empty the dishwasher at night so breakfast dishes can go directly into the wash

Keep a schedule

? Set your alarm to allow 20 minutes of extra time each morning. Do not hit snooze!

? Use an alarm clock with a battery back-up in case of power failure

? Set a schedule for bathroom time for each member of the family. Enforce strict adherence

? Set an alarm for 10 minutes before departure time. When the alarm sounds, instruct everyone to stop what they are doing, don shoes and coats and grab their bags. If whatever they wanted to bring isn't ready to go, that's just too bad.

? Check the weather conditions each morning as soon as you wake up. This alerts you to poor road conditions, the need to scrape windows or shovel out your driveway before leaving home.

? Ban television and video games from the morning routine. These are huge time stealers.

? If a task is not vital to that morning?s routine, leave it for later that day. Return calls, check email, feed the parakeet, and locate that missing sock when you get home.

? Wake your children up early enough that they have time to prepare properly.

Get Organized

? Designate one area for backpacks, shoes, and coats. Check the area each night to make sure nothing is missing.

? Purchase a book bag or backpack for each child. Have him or her pack the bag the night before. If an item is not in the bag by bedtime, it does not go to school. This may seem harsh at first, but after several days of forgotten iPods, cell phones, and school assignments, children learn to stock the bag each night. This eliminates the mad rush through the house each morning to locate missing items.

? Freeze snacks for the entire week to make packing lunches easier.

? Serve cold cereals and apples or bananas for breakfast instead of pancakes and sausage. This drastically cuts back on the morning routine. Even younger children can prepare a bowl of cereal with little or no help.

? Keep your car keys, cell phone, and wallet in the same place every day.

? Put gas in the car in the evenings. Keep the tank half full at all times.

Putting a stop to morning chaos and chronic lateness requires changing your schedule and your habits. It may seem difficult at first, but over time, a smooth morning routine becomes second nature.

Women and Lingerie Sexy Lingerie

Lingerie is a word that will cause a man?s heart to skip a beat and a necessity which can never be missing from a woman?s shopping cart. The word ?lingerie? can be traced back to the early 80s from a French word ?linge? which means ?linen? in English. Soon, this word has become a hot talking topic among women as well as men. Lingerie can be of different styles ranging from conservative boyshorts to sexy and wild pantyhose. In our modern society, lingerie has evolved from only a daily wear under the clothes to a sexy attire to capture a man?s heart. There are several reasons for women to regard lingerie as the key shopping item.

Lingerie has the ability to enhance both the visual and inner appeal to women. Women wear lingerie to accentuate the physical contour of their body, revealing the sexy figure while concealing the intimate part of the body. For instance, a push-up bra can be worn to boost the assets while a lacy panty exudes sexual appeal. Lingerie bestows sexual appeal, feminine confidence and sensual attraction. Due to the high demand in the lingerie market, lingerie is available in many styles and colors. Different styles and color can be worn in different occasions and moods. Sportsbra is worn when doing sports while lacy sexy lingerie is worn during bedtime activity. Available in great variety of colors, lingerie creates more pleasure. For instance, red hot lingerie represents naughty and bold while black dark lingerie represents maturity.

Furthermore, lingerie can inject a bit of excitement into marriage life. After many years of marriage, the marriage can turn into a dull boredom. However, bedtime activity can become more fun and exciting with lingerie. Women can get into playful and attractive lingerie to get their husband turn on or attract their attention. Their eyes will be glued at the sexy lingerie. Everlasting joy and excitement can be easily spiced up with the help of lingerie.

In conclusion, lingerie has become a multi-purpose piece of intimate apparel to the women. It has been an ego booster to a woman. Apart from elevating self-esteem, lingerie brings about joy in fostering relationship during dating and marriage. Therefore, lingerie reveals the sexy self of the women.

http://www.weewoowee.com by Michelle Chin

Real Estate Brokers Using PPC To Generate Online Real Estate Referrals

The housing market is hot and there is a lot of commission to be made for real estate brokers that sell homes. Competition for new business is fierce and the enterprising real estate broker uses all means possible to generate real estate referrals, including online generation of real estate referrals and sales leads.

One of the easiest ways for real estate brokers, especially new brokers, to generate real estate leads and referrals is through PPC advertising on internet search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and MSN. If you are not already doing so, know that competing real estate brokers are generating their fair share of real estate referrals on the internet. You should too.

Home buyers are, more and more, searching for home buying services on the internet. You need to have a presence to gain these people as prospects.

If you are just getting started with generating real estate referrals and leads via PPC, I've compiled a sample list of keywords that you can use to start to target home buyers that are doing online searches. The following is a short sample list. Of course the keywords that you choose should be directly targeted to the market that you target. In no particular order, here they are:

• First time homebuyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• New York, NY apartments
• Dallas real estate agent
• Vacation properties in Hawaii
• Mortgage rate calculator
• Toronto Remax realtor
• Phoenix, Arizona housing market trends
• Buying a new home in Cleveland, Ohio
• Miami Beach, Fl real estate
• Wilmington, NC real estate broker
• Real estate negotiation
• American mortgage rates
• Century 21 Realtor in Memphis, Tennessee
• Chicago commercial real estate
• Denver, Colorado condos for sales
• Calgary, Alberta house values
• San Diego, California investment properties
• Ottawa, ON MLS listings
• Portland, Oregon housing prices
• Buying a home with bad credit

Of course, when developing your own keywords to generate real estate referrals, substitute any of the cities above with the city that you work in.

Tino Buntic invites you to visit http://www.trade-pals.com. Tradepals provides free sales leads and business referrals, including real estate referrals, to business professionals across The United States and Canada. Tino also recommends the Real Estate and How Blog as a real estate news source for real estate professionals.

12 Critical Steps to Buy the Right House

It is quite natural that you will want to make sure you find not only the best house for your money but also the best house for you and your lifestyle. This is extremely important today because purchasing the 'wrong' house could actually end up costing you significantly if you decide the house just doesn't suit your needs and you need to sell it within a short time after purchasing it. This is due to the current transition of the housing market and decline of home appreciation values. While home prices are still holding their own in many locales, you could find yourself trying to get rid of a home that has not maintained its market value or even appreciated during the short time you own it. Don't allow yourself to fall into this potential trap. Take the time to find a right home the first time.

Narrow the search parameters

The first step is to begin looking at factors that will influence your home buying decision and narrow down the parameters somewhat before you actually begin shopping around for your dream home.

When you begin looking for homes you will quickly discover there are almost literally hundreds of listings, particularly if you begin your search on the Internet. The wealth of information available can quickly leave you dazed and confused. To avoid making a costly mistake and possibly choosing a home that just isn't right for you, it is important to narrow down some of those options by taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Pre-approve for mortgage

Before you do any of that you need to first make sure all your financial information is in order. This not only helps you to determine exactly how much money you can spend on a home but also makes you a more attractive homebuyer to sellers. In the event you and another buyer want the same house, sellers are typically more likely to accept offers from buyers who have been pre-approved for their mortgage.

Decide on the neighborhood

If you haven't already done so, one of the first steps you should take is to decide on the neighborhood where you want to live. This is particularly important if you will be looking in a metropolitan area where there may be numerous suburbs and neighborhoods. Be sure to consider proximity to school and work as well as entertainment, shopping and worship centers.

Types of home

When it comes down to actually choosing a house, you can easily look at dozens of home before you find one that will suit your needs unless you consider beforehand the type of home that will best suit your needs. As you peruse the market, you will typically find numerous options available. Town homes, condos, single family homes, etc. Each type of home offers various advantages and disadvantages.

For example, if you prefer quieter residential living a single family home may suit your needs best. Be aware; however, that while single family homes offer more privacy and typically appreciate better than other housing options they also require more maintenance and are typically more expensive. Home buyers who enjoy a little or no maintenance lifestyle may find that a condo, co-op or townhome suits their needs better. The convenience of little maintenance comes at a price; however?while these options are less expensive than single family homes they are typically much noisier and offer very little privacy.

Interior Specification

Regardless of which option you choose, you will also need to give some considerations to interior specs, such as the number of bedrooms and baths you prefer as well as other considerations such as formal vs. informal living areas. Don't forget to also consider whether you prefer an attached or detached garage. Homes with attached garages are typically somewhat less expensive than homes with detached garages and offer a higher level of convenience, although they are often noisier.

Look for a real estate agent

Once you have made these decisions it is time to contact a real estate agent and get to work. Be aware that the amounts of time you spend looking for a home may well depend on the quality of the agent you choose. Be sure to look for an agent who really listen to your needs and focus on finding you a home that will meet your needs and not just earn them a higher commission.

Allow sufficient time

Make sure you are prepared before you actually start the home buying experience. Do not make the mistake of scheduling home tours on a day when you will be rushed for time. Allow sufficient time to really see the home as well as its surroundings.

Keep a notebook

Bring a notebook with you to make notes regarding the house while you tour it. It's also a good idea to bring along a digital camera so you can take some photos to help jog your memory of the home later on. This is especially important if you will be viewing a large number of homes.

Don't be fooled by home staging

Keep in mind that home staging is rising rapidly in popularity around the country today. More and more homes are being professionally staged to sell quickly. Don't let yourself be fooled by a great decorating job. Keep your priorities in mind and make sure the home really offers what you need.

Re-visit the house at different times

Be aware that homes and neighborhoods are often much different at night than they are during the day. Schedule a return trip on your home to drive through the neighborhood and make note of whether there is anything that might prove to be distracting, such as a barking dog, overly bright security light shining right in the master bedroom, nearby train tracks, etc.

Don't rush

Never allow yourself to feel pressured into making snap decisions just because someone else is looking at the same house or because interest rates are currently low. Making quick decisions can spell trouble and cause you to overlook elements of the home that might not actually suit you.

Follow up visit

After you have narrowed down your selections, phone your agent to request follow-up visits to your top choices. If you're having a difficult time in making a decision you may well find that a second visit reveals issues you hadn't noticed the first time you viewed the homes, making your choice much easier.

By making sure you have taken the time to address your needs and concerns up front and drafted a step by step plan, you will be in a better position to find the perfect house for your needs and lifestyle.

Andrew owns a website that provides new home buying tips and more. You can visit his website at: http://www.buy-and-sell-house-fast.com/

Atlanta Real Estate FAQs

The answers to frequently asked questions (FAQ) about Atlanta real estate can help you to make a better real estate deal. You can also approach a real estate organization or agent in Atlanta to clarify your points.

How much money is required to buy an average home in Atlanta?

This depends upon a number of factors such as the size and location of the home, the comforts you are looking for, and the procedural fees.

Why do Atlanta home prices go up?

High employment rates and the growing population have raised Atlanta real estate prices. Atlanta's rapid all-round growth contributes significantly to the price hike as well.

What are closing costs?

Various expenses associated with selling and buying of a home, paid at the closing of the mortgage process, are collectively referred to as closing costs. For sellers, closing costs can be approximately 9.5% of the total price of the property.

What are the requirements for Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA)?

This is a consumer-protection statute and requires that certain information about property loans be revealed, such as estimated closing costs and Annual Percentage Rate (APR).

What is the current trend in the Atlanta condominium market?

There has been an explosion in Atlanta's condo and loft market over the past few years. Ranging from renovated warehouses and factories to high-rise condos with many amenities, Atlanta has a buzzing condo and loft market.

What is special about Atlanta's neighborhoods?

Atlanta's neighborhoods have some historic importance. You find Jewish communities and a historical African-American population in the neighborhoods. Most neighborhoods have civic associations that work for the welfare of the local community.

Atlanta Real Estate provides detailed information on Atlanta Real Estate, Atlanta Real Estate Agents, Atlanta Commercial Real Estate, Atlanta Real Estate Listings and more. Atlanta Real Estate is affiliated with Chicago Suburb Real Estate.

A Cabal of Miami Real Estate Agents Caught Burying Giant Statue of St. Joseph

No one really knew how bad the Miami housing market was until the arrest last night of a large number of realtors caught burying a giant statue of St. Joseph in the center of the Miami Circle, a sacred pre-Columbian site at the mouth of the Miami River. Considered to be the patron saint of real estate agents, police were surprised by the effigy's size.

This is the biggest one we've found yet, advised a S.W.A.T squad spokesperson who wished to remain anonymous. For years St. Joseph statues have been turning up, but never this size. Usually they're no bigger than 8-inches. This one was over 8-feet tall.

Realtors, long considered a mammon worshipping cult by many theologians, have been burying St. Joseph statues for years in order to hasten a sale. Known as the underground real estate agent, St. Joseph is usually buried head first in the ground or in a planter on the property. Once the sale is made, it is expected that the sellers unearth the statue and put it in a prominent place in their new home-- not following through on the last part could jeopardize their future good fortune, according to the instructions that come with the statues.

Considering Miami has one of the largest Catholic populations in the U.S. and a large number of followers of Santeria, the Afro-Cuban religion that mixes Catholic saints with African gods, it is not surprising that, according to Phil Cates, owner of the website www.stjosephstatue.com, Miami is the biggest market for these kind of things. Statewide he estimates he's sold 6,000 statues.

And for all the skeptics reading this, Mr. Cates says you can go to his website to read the testimonials on the statue's behalf.

Sales, he said, have just gone crazy.

Which may be good for him, but seeing a St. Joseph this size has many financial analysts worried. For the first time in a decade, home prices have fallen in August from sales of the previous year. A report released this week by the Florida Association of Realtors paints an alarming picture. Single family homes fell 34% and condo sales dropped 41% from the previous year.

As two police officers struggled with a realtor who was being led away in handcuffs, he was overheard shouting to anyone who would listen that, It's not a bubble, I tell you! It's not a bubble!

According to the Miami S.W.A.T team, most of the rogue realtors were arrested in last night's raid and that the public need not fear those that got away. Don't worry about them coming into your yards in the middle of the night to bury their statues. They left their shovels behind and we know how to read fingerprints. We'll have them rounded up and put behind bars before you know it.

Asked what law they broke, MVB was told that they had desecrated a sacred site.

What sacred site? we asked.

The Miami Circle.

'Sacred?' we laughed. There's nothing sacred about that circle of holes in the ground. Hell, they only found a shark's tooth and a used condom there. Some experts think it's nothing more than an old septic tank.

Listen, bub, we were told in no uncertain terms, As long as our county spent $27 million for it, it's sacred.

MVB can't argue with that.

D.C. Copeland is a writer and award-winning artist. When visiting Copeland's personal website and blog http://www.miamivisionblogarama.blogspot.com/, you will discover that Wayne Cochran is the Patron Saint and that many people consider it to be The Rodney Dangerfield of Blogs.

Home Selling Tips Part I

The following are some guidelines when deciding to sell your home in the current real estate climate.

1. Why are you selling your home? This is the single most important factor when deciding to sell your home. Do you need the proceeds for a specific purchase? Do you need a larger home due to changing family conditions? Or are you downsizing? All are important reasons to sell. But remember ?Why? you are selling affects your list price, time allotted to selling, selling effort and how much money you will be allocating towards the selling process.

2. Keep the reasons to yourself. Have you ever noticed that at an Open House the potential buyers and viewers ask: Why are you selling? Most are not just curious but rather looking for a needy seller or a negotiating position when making an offer. What I recommend is that you answer that with your housing needs have changed.

3. Do your research. With the advent of the various internet based sites this portion of the business has become more readily available then in years past. But you will want to:

a.) see what properties have sold in the last six (6) months that are a direct mirror of your home.
b.) Check out other open houses to see what your ?competition? is going to be like.
c.) get an independent appraisal so you have an idea of what the market value will be as well as letting any potential buyers know that your home can be financed.

4. Decide on a Realtor?.
Consider interviewing real estate agents while looking at several factors to base your decision. Some should include past sales, current listings, marketing plan, market knowledge and make sure that they are someone you can trust and feel confident that they will do a good job on your behalf.

5. Prepare your home.
Make sure your home presents itself in the best possible light. Fix everything. Make sure it is super clean. Eliminate the clutter from years of storage. Freshen the paint and make sure it is neutral in color. Make sure the entrance clean and unobstructed. Get rid of any odors like pet, food or smoke.

6. Remember to disclose everything.
Don?t get caught in the trap of not disclosing all known defects. By doing this you can prevent liabilities and avoid potential lawsuits. Some states like California have extensive documentation requirements so check with the governing body in your state.

Ken is a licensed real estate agent living and working in San Francisco, CA. For more information on Ken?s sales visit his website at: www.KenGlidewell.com

Scandinavian Auto Giant Is Huge For Its Boot

Volvo Cars, in its 54 years of unbroken commitment to refinement and improvement, is set to unfold a masterpiece wagon in the all-new V70. The wagon which is going to be introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in March is said to be huge for the automaker?s boot. The Volvo V70 epitomizes balance between safety, luxury and versatility that could serve as standard for wagons.

The Volvo V70 takes safety to new heights by incorporating the philosophy of its brand. Volvo is deemed a segment leader in automotive safety. The reputation is not easy to build. An efficient Volvo shock or brake system is not enough to actually establish it. In developing the all-new V70 we aimed to produce the safest car in its segment, said Ingrid Skogsmo, the director of Volvo Cars? Safety Center. To improve safety for children in the rear seat of the estate, Volvo developed the Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) with a stronger body structure, extended inflatable curtains, and a world's-first height-adjustable integrated child booster cushion.

?The attitude towards the modern wagon has undergone a significant change. With greater focus on design and comfort, the all-new V70 is both luxurious and practical. It's not just for families with growing children but also for active people that demand everything of their cars. In fact, we expect that half of all V70 buyers won?t actually be families with children,? said Fredrik Arp, Volvo Cars? President and CEO.

Arp continued, ?This segment has been our specialty ever since we invented it back in the 1950s. Our competitors can count on us remaining number one in the future, too. In the all-new V70, rear passengers and luggage both ride in first class.?

Enthusiasts say that the new Volvo V70 is stunning inside and out. This is because of the automaker?s brand development plan. Volvo wagons have significantly bloomed in time. The modifications since 1953 when the automaker introduced the PV 445 are remarkable. The all-new V70?s design detail is focused on clever functionality and clean form.

Enthusiasts noted that the new Volvo estate has no direct replacement for the 296bhp V70R. Volvo said the new T6 model partly fills the hole left by that model. However, the automaker was also quoted saying, for various reasons, that it would not be slotting its 325bhp Yamaha V8 into the Volvo V70 at all.

The Scandinavian automaker claims that the new estate is sportier - both on the appearance and drive feel. The windscreen is more raked back and the rear lights have been inspired by those the chic new Volvo C30 hatchback. A new tailgate design makes the boot even larger which could also be because of the aluminium rails used. Also, the manageable anchorage points make it trouble-free to tie down baggage.

To emphasize the distinctive sporty stance, the V70 features a unique soft nose with a black egg-crate grille having chrome in the vertical bars, LED brake lights and a C30-like tailgate. The tailgate glass window goes further down for extra rearward visibility. The climbing waistline also enhances the forward-leaning, lively posture which is further reinforced with the aid of the black pillars between the side windows. A large range of engines is also made available by the automaker. It includes a turbocharged six-cylinder job with 285bhp that will go in the high-performance T6.

In addition, functional details allow the owners of the car to entertain his eccentricities to suit his specific needs. The most flexible in the segment is the rear seat?s 40/20/40 split. Other breath-taking features include lightweight backrest, simple folding mechanism, optional power tailgate, sliding load floor and a storage compartment under the luggage area floor. The compartment locks when the tailgate is closed.

Glady Reign is a 32 year old is a consultant for an automotive firm based in Detroit, Mi. she is a native of the motor city and grew up around cars hence her expertise in the automotive field. Please visit Volvo shock for more information.

Facts About Alzheimer's Disease

The most frequently asked question I receive as an Internet home business consultant usually goes something like this; "I would really like to start my own home business on the Internet, but I don't know what." The short answer is - Start with what you know and enjoy.

There are a number of good reasons for this

By drawing on existing knowledge, you can concentrate on building a business rather than learning about a new trade, product, or service.

Starting and running a home business means long hours and sacrifice. It is easier to do when you are doing something you enjoy.

Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.

The Internet offers unique opportunities for the home business netrepreneur. It creates the ability to reach a much larger potential market for your product, service, or information at a much lower price than through conventional advertising mediums.

The Internet and World Wide Web are still in their infancy. Right now, you can get everything you need to put your business online - free. It is like someone offering you a store (web hosting), full time staff (web pages, auto responders) and advertising (lots of advertising) for free. All you have to do is come up with an idea for a product or service to put in the store. 

One of my favorite examples is my mother's home business. She builds very creative and unique birdhouses. She uses scrap lumber from a local sawmill (free) and driftwood from the local beach (free), to keep her material costs low. Another local artist provides the miniature sculptures for a percentage of the sales. She started by building and selling these for the local tourist trade in Homer Alaska, and was doing ok. But when we put them on the Internet (http://www.ptialaska.net/~cortez/) sales really began to soar. Not everyone that would be interested in the birdhouses can afford to visit Homer, and we certainly couldn't afford to advertise to the world in any other way. We were able to reach this larger market by using free web hosting, design, and promotion services. Once we developed a flow of traffic, we were able to create additional income streams by selling other peoples products as well. (I'll discuss this further later in this article)

This business model can work for just about any product that can be shipped. What unique item can you build using local materials? Do you have a craft or gift idea that is unique? How about a kit or plans for something you have built?

Information is another type of product. What do you know or know how to do that would be of interest or value to others? You can either sell that information as a report, or a tip booklet. Or you can give the information away at your store and sell other peoples related products for a commission. The advantage here is that once you put your information in the store it is done. You don't have to keep building it and shipping it. If your not comfortable with writing your own material you can use a ghostwriter (http://www.home-work.net).

Another home business opportunity that is unique to the Internet is based on common interests. What do you have a special interest in that others may share? Music, books, computers, cars, gardening, collectibles, etc…? The idea in this business model is to create a site with information and resources available online of interest to others. Then you select products to sell of interest to people that would be visiting your site. For instance, if you had an avid interest in a particular type of music. You could develop a site that was a resource for others with that same interest. The site could include links to artists sites, reviews of the latest releases, concert tour information, photos, sound clips, interview excerpts, a chat room, or discussion board. You become an "associate" of one of the CD distributors online and receive a commission on CD's that are sold. The distributor does the entire order fulfillment. The number and variety of companies that have an associate program online is growing daily. They cover all kinds of products and services from gifts to computers or web hosting to credit cards.

Start with what you know, apply some imagination, and open your low cost home business online. The market is growing everyday - world wide.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Bob Cortez has 20 years of sales and marketing experience. Through Total Quality Marketing he is providing consulting services to home based entrepreneurs looking to expand their business online and take advantage of  the tremendous opportunities available.

Total Quality Marketing
PO Box 338
Homer Alaska 99603

The most frequently asked question I receive as an Internet home business consultant usually goes something like this; "I would really like to start my own home business on the Internet, but I don't know what." The short answer is - Start with what you know and enjoy.

There are a number of good reasons for this

By drawing on existing knowledge, you can concentrate on building a business rather than learning about a new trade, product, or service.

Starting and running a home business means long hours and sacrifice. It is easier to do when you are doing something you enjoy.

Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.

The Internet offers unique opportunities for the home business netrepreneur. It creates the ability to reach a much larger potential market for your product, service, or information at a much lower price than through conventional advertising mediums.

The Internet and World Wide Web are still in their infancy. Right now, you can get everything you need to put your business online - free. It is like someone offering you a store (web hosting), full time staff (web pages, auto responders) and advertising (lots of advertising) for free. All you have to do is come up with an idea for a product or service to put in the store. 

One of my favorite examples is my mother's home business. She builds very creative and unique birdhouses. She uses scrap lumber from a local sawmill (free) and driftwood from the local beach (free), to keep her material costs low. Another local artist provides the miniature sculptures for a percentage of the sales. She started by building and selling these for the local tourist trade in Homer Alaska, and was doing ok. But when we put them on the Internet (http://www.ptialaska.net/~cortez/) sales really began to soar. Not everyone that would be interested in the birdhouses can afford to visit Homer, and we certainly couldn't afford to advertise to the world in any other way. We were able to reach this larger market by using free web hosting, design, and promotion services. Once we developed a flow of traffic, we were able to create additional income streams by selling other peoples products as well. (I'll discuss this further later in this article)

This business model can work for just about any product that can be shipped. What unique item can you build using local materials? Do you have a craft or gift idea that is unique? How about a kit or plans for something you have built?

Information is another type of product. What do you know or know how to do that would be of interest or value to others? You can either sell that information as a report, or a tip booklet. Or you can give the information away at your store and sell other peoples related products for a commission. The advantage here is that once you put your information in the store it is done. You don't have to keep building it and shipping it. If your not comfortable with writing your own material you can use a ghostwriter (http://www.home-work.net).

Another home business opportunity that is unique to the Internet is based on common interests. What do you have a special interest in that others may share? Music, books, computers, cars, gardening, collectibles, etc…? The idea in this business model is to create a site with information and resources available online of interest to others. Then you select products to sell of interest to people that would be visiting your site. For instance, if you had an avid interest in a particular type of music. You could develop a site that was a resource for others with that same interest. The site could include links to artists sites, reviews of the latest releases, concert tour information, photos, sound clips, interview excerpts, a chat room, or discussion board. You become an "associate" of one of the CD distributors online and receive a commission on CD's that are sold. The distributor does the entire order fulfillment. The number and variety of companies that have an associate program online is growing daily. They cover all kinds of products and services from gifts to computers or web hosting to credit cards.

Start with what you know, apply some imagination, and open your low cost home business online. The market is growing everyday - world wide.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Bob Cortez has 20 years of sales and marketing experience. Through Total Quality Marketing he is providing consulting services to home based entrepreneurs looking to expand their business online and take advantage of  the tremendous opportunities available.

Total Quality Marketing
PO Box 338
Homer Alaska 99603

The most frequently asked question I receive as an Internet home business consultant usually goes something like this; "I would really like to start my own home business on the Internet, but I don't know what." The short answer is - Start with what you know and enjoy.

There are a number of good reasons for this

By drawing on existing knowledge, you can concentrate on building a business rather than learning about a new trade, product, or service.

Starting and running a home business means long hours and sacrifice. It is easier to do when you are doing something you enjoy.

Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.

The Internet offers unique opportunities for the home business netrepreneur. It creates the ability to reach a much larger potential market for your product, service, or information at a much lower price than through conventional advertising mediums.

The Internet and World Wide Web are still in their infancy. Right now, you can get everything you need to put your business online - free. It is like someone offering you a store (web hosting), full time staff (web pages, auto responders) and advertising (lots of advertising) for free. All you have to do is come up with an idea for a product or service to put in the store. 

One of my favorite examples is my mother's home business. She builds very creative and unique birdhouses. She uses scrap lumber from a local sawmill (free) and driftwood from the local beach (free), to keep her material costs low. Another local artist provides the miniature sculptures for a percentage of the sales. She started by building and selling these for the local tourist trade in Homer Alaska, and was doing ok. But when we put them on the Internet (http://www.ptialaska.net/~cortez/) sales really began to soar. Not everyone that would be interested in the birdhouses can afford to visit Homer, and we certainly couldn't afford to advertise to the world in any other way. We were able to reach this larger market by using free web hosting, design, and promotion services. Once we developed a flow of traffic, we were able to create additional income streams by selling other peoples products as well. (I'll discuss this further later in this article)

This business model can work for just about any product that can be shipped. What unique item can you build using local materials? Do you have a craft or gift idea that is unique? How about a kit or plans for something you have built?

Information is another type of product. What do you know or know how to do that would be of interest or value to others? You can either sell that information as a report, or a tip booklet. Or you can give the information away at your store and sell other peoples related products for a commission. The advantage here is that once you put your information in the store it is done. You don't have to keep building it and shipping it. If your not comfortable with writing your own material you can use a ghostwriter (http://www.home-work.net).

Another home business opportunity that is unique to the Internet is based on common interests. What do you have a special interest in that others may share? Music, books, computers, cars, gardening, collectibles, etc…? The idea in this business model is to create a site with information and resources available online of interest to others. Then you select products to sell of interest to people that would be visiting your site. For instance, if you had an avid interest in a particular type of music. You could develop a site that was a resource for others with that same interest. The site could include links to artists sites, reviews of the latest releases, concert tour information, photos, sound clips, interview excerpts, a chat room, or discussion board. You become an "associate" of one of the CD distributors online and receive a commission on CD's that are sold. The distributor does the entire order fulfillment. The number and variety of companies that have an associate program online is growing daily. They cover all kinds of products and services from gifts to computers or web hosting to credit cards.

Start with what you know, apply some imagination, and open your low cost home business online. The market is growing everyday - world wide.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Bob Cortez has 20 years of sales and marketing experience. Through Total Quality Marketing he is providing consulting services to home based entrepreneurs looking to expand their business online and take advantage of  the tremendous opportunities available.

Total Quality Marketing
PO Box 338
Homer Alaska 99603

The most frequently asked question I receive as an Internet home business consultant usually goes something like this; "I would really like to start my own home business on the Internet, but I don't know what." The short answer is - Start with what you know and enjoy.

There are a number of good reasons for this

By drawing on existing knowledge, you can concentrate on building a business rather than learning about a new trade, product, or service.

Starting and running a home business means long hours and sacrifice. It is easier to do when you are doing something you enjoy.

Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.

The Internet offers unique opportunities for the home business netrepreneur. It creates the ability to reach a much larger potential market for your product, service, or information at a much lower price than through conventional advertising mediums.

The Internet and World Wide Web are still in their infancy. Right now, you can get everything you need to put your business online - free. It is like someone offering you a store (web hosting), full time staff (web pages, auto responders) and advertising (lots of advertising) for free. All you have to do is come up with an idea for a product or service to put in the store. 

One of my favorite examples is my mother's home business. She builds very creative and unique birdhouses. She uses scrap lumber from a local sawmill (free) and driftwood from the local beach (free), to keep her material costs low. Another local artist provides the miniature sculptures for a percentage of the sales. She started by building and selling these for the local tourist trade in Homer Alaska, and was doing ok. But when we put them on the Internet (http://www.ptialaska.net/~cortez/) sales really began to soar. Not everyone that would be interested in the birdhouses can afford to visit Homer, and we certainly couldn't afford to advertise to the world in any other way. We were able to reach this larger market by using free web hosting, design, and promotion services. Once we developed a flow of traffic, we were able to create additional income streams by selling other peoples products as well. (I'll discuss this further later in this article)

This business model can work for just about any product that can be shipped. What unique item can you build using local materials? Do you have a craft or gift idea that is unique? How about a kit or plans for something you have built?

Information is another type of product. What do you know or know how to do that would be of interest or value to others? You can either sell that information as a report, or a tip booklet. Or you can give the information away at your store and sell other peoples related products for a commission. The advantage here is that once you put your information in the store it is done. You don't have to keep building it and shipping it. If your not comfortable with writing your own material you can use a ghostwriter (http://www.home-work.net).

Another home business opportunity that is unique to the Internet is based on common interests. What do you have a special interest in that others may share? Music, books, computers, cars, gardening, collectibles, etc…? The idea in this business model is to create a site with information and resources available online of interest to others. Then you select products to sell of interest to people that would be visiting your site. For instance, if you had an avid interest in a particular type of music. You could develop a site that was a resource for others with that same interest. The site could include links to artists sites, reviews of the latest releases, concert tour information, photos, sound clips, interview excerpts, a chat room, or discussion board. You become an "associate" of one of the CD distributors online and receive a commission on CD's that are sold. The distributor does the entire order fulfillment. The number and variety of companies that have an associate program online is growing daily. They cover all kinds of products and services from gifts to computers or web hosting to credit cards.

Start with what you know, apply some imagination, and open your low cost home business online. The market is growing everyday - world wide.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Bob Cortez has 20 years of sales and marketing experience. Through Total Quality Marketing he is providing consulting services to home based entrepreneurs looking to expand their business online and take advantage of  the tremendous opportunities available.

Total Quality Marketing
PO Box 338
Homer Alaska 99603

The most frequently asked question I receive as an Internet home business consultant usually goes something like this; "I would really like to start my own home business on the Internet, but I don't know what." The short answer is - Start with what you know and enjoy.

There are a number of good reasons for this

By drawing on existing knowledge, you can concentrate on building a business rather than learning about a new trade, product, or service.

Starting and running a home business means long hours and sacrifice. It is easier to do when you are doing something you enjoy.

Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.Selling what you know and enjoy is less difficult for non-salespeople.

The Internet offers unique opportunities for the home business netrepreneur. It creates the ability to reach a much larger potential market for your product, service, or information at a much lower price than through conventional advertising mediums.

The Internet and World Wide Web are still in their infancy. Right now, you can get everything you need to put your business online - free. It is like someone offering you a store (web hosting), full time staff (web pages, auto responders) and advertising (lots of advertising) for free. All you have to do is come up with an idea for a product or service to put in the store. 

One of my favorite examples is my mother's home business. She builds very creative and unique birdhouses. She uses scrap lumber from a local sawmill (free) and driftwood from the local beach (free), to keep her material costs low. Another local artist provides the miniature sculptures for a percentage of the sales. She started by building and selling these for the local tourist trade in Homer Alaska, and was doing ok. But when we put them on the Internet (http://www.ptialaska.net/~cortez/) sales really began to soar. Not everyone that would be interested in the birdhouses can afford to visit Homer, and we certainly couldn't afford to advertise to the world in any other way. We were able to reach this larger market by using free web hosting, design, and promotion services. Once we developed a flow of traffic, we were able to create additional income streams by selling other peoples products as well. (I'll discuss this further later in this article)

This business model can work for just about any product that can be shipped. What unique item can you build using local materials? Do you have a craft or gift idea that is unique? How about a kit or plans for something you have built?

Information is another type of product. What do you know or know how to do that would be of interest or value to others? You can either sell that information as a report, or a tip booklet. Or you can give the information away at your store and sell other peoples related products for a commission. The advantage here is that once you put your information in the store it is done. You don't have to keep building it and shipping it. If your not comfortable with writing your own material you can use a ghostwriter (http://www.home-work.net).

Another home business opportunity that is unique to the Internet is based on common interests. What do you have a special interest in that others may share? Music, books, computers, cars, gardening, collectibles, etc…? The idea in this business model is to create a site with information and resources available online of interest to others. Then you select products to sell of interest to people that would be visiting your site. For instance, if you had an avid interest in a particular type of music. You could develop a site that was a resource for others with that same interest. The site could include links to artists sites, reviews of the latest releases, concert tour information, photos, sound clips, interview excerpts, a chat room, or discussion board. You become an "associate" of one of the CD distributors online and receive a commission on CD's that are sold. The distributor does the entire order fulfillment. The number and variety of companies that have an associate program online is growing daily. They cover all kinds of products and services from gifts to computers or web hosting to credit cards.

Start with what you know, apply some imagination, and open your low cost home business online. The market is growing everyday - world wide.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Bob Cortez has 20 years of sales and marketing experience. Through Total Quality Marketing he is providing consulting services to home based entrepreneurs looking to expand their business online and take advantage of  the tremendous opportunities available.

Total Quality Marketing
PO Box 338
Homer Alaska 99603

In these days, it's becoming increasingly difficult to make ends meet with just one source of income. Thus, more and more people are investigating the possibilities of starting their own extra-income business. Most of these part-time endeavors are started and operated from the comfort and privacy of the home.

Most of these people are making the extra money they need. Some have wisely and carefully built these extra income efforts into full-time, very profitable businesses. Others are just keeping busy, having fun, and enjoying life as never before. The important thing is that they are doing something other than waiting for the government to give them a handout; they are improving their lot in life, and you can do it, too!

The fields of mail order selling, multi-level marketing, and in-home party sales have never been more popular. If any of these kinds of extra income producing ideas appeal to you, then you owe it to yourself to check them out. But these aren't the only fields of endeavor you can start and operate from home, with little or no investment, and learn as you go.

If you type, you can start a home-based typing service; if you have a truck or have access to a trailer, you can start a clean-up/hauling service. Simply collecting old news papers from your neighbors can get you started in the paper recycling business. More than a few enterprising housewives have found success and fortune by starting home and/or apartment cleaning services. If you have a yard full of flowers, you can make good extra money by supplying fresh cut flowers to restaurants and offices in your area on a regular basis. You might turn a ceramics hobby into a lucrative personalized coffee mug business. What I'm saying is that in reality, there's literally no end to the ways you can start and operate a profitable extra income business from your home.

The first thing you must do, however, is some basic market research. Find out for yourself, first-hand, just how many people there are in your area who are interested in your proposed product or service, and would be willing to stand in line and pay money for it. This is known as defining your market and pinpointing your customers. If after checking around, talking about your idea with a whole lot of people over a period of one to three months, you get the idea that these people would be paying customers, your next effort should be directed toward the detailing of your business plan. The more precise and detailed your plan - covering all the bases relating to how you'll do everything that needs to be done - the easier it's going to be for you to attain success. Such a plan should show your start-up investment needs, your advertising plan, your production costs and procedures, your sales program, and how your time will be allocated. Too often, enthusiastic and ambitious entrepreneurs jump in on an extra income project and suddenly find that the costs are beyond their abilities, and the time requirements more than they can meet. It pays to lay it all out on paper before you get involved, and the clearer you can see everything before you start, the better your chances for success.

Now, assuming you've got your market targeted, you know who your customers are going to be and how you're going to reach them with your product or service. And you have all your costs as well as time requirements itemized. The next step is to set your plan in motion and start making money.

Here is the most important secret of all, relating to starting and building a profitable home-based business, so read very carefully. Regardless of what kind of business you start, you must have the capital and the available time to sustain your business through the first six months of operation. Specifically, you must not count on receiving or spending any money coming in from your business on yourself or for your bills during those first six months. All the income from your business during those first six months should be reinvested in your business in order for it to grow and reach our planned first year potential.

Once you've passed that first six months milestone, you can set up a small monthly salary for yourself, and begin enjoying the fruits of your labor. But the first six months or operation for any business are critical, so do not plan to use any of the money your business generates for yourself during that period.

If you've got your business plan properly organized, and have implemented the plan, you should at the end of your first year be able to begin thinking about hiring other people to alleviate some of your work-load. Remember this: Starting a successful business is not a means towards either a job for yourself or a way to keep busy. It should be regarded as the beginning of an enterprise that will grow and prosper, with you as the top dog. Eventually, you'll have other people doing all the work for you, even running the entire operation, while you vacation in the Bahamas or Hawaii and collect or receive regular income from your initial efforts.

For more details on market research, business planning, advertising, selling, order fulfillment, and other aspects of home-based businesses, watch World Wide Information Outlet for future reports.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Reprint permission for any medium is granted only if all information below this notice, including the WWIO web site link and authors biography are included as written.

In these days, it's becoming increasingly difficult to make ends meet with just one source of income. Thus, more and more people are investigating the possibilities of starting their own extra-income business. Most of these part-time endeavors are started and operated from the comfort and privacy of the home.

Most of these people are making the extra money they need. Some have wisely and carefully built these extra income efforts into full-time, very profitable businesses. Others are just keeping busy, having fun, and enjoying life as never before. The important thing is that they are doing something other than waiting for the government to give them a handout; they are improving their lot in life, and you can do it, too!

The fields of mail order selling, multi-level marketing, and in-home party sales have never been more popular. If any of these kinds of extra income producing ideas appeal to you, then you owe it to yourself to check them out. But these aren't the only fields of endeavor you can start and operate from home, with little or no investment, and learn as you go.

If you type, you can start a home-based typing service; if you have a truck or have access to a trailer, you can start a clean-up/hauling service. Simply collecting old news papers from your neighbors can get you started in the paper recycling business. More than a few enterprising housewives have found success and fortune by starting home and/or apartment cleaning services. If you have a yard full of flowers, you can make good extra money by supplying fresh cut flowers to restaurants and offices in your area on a regular basis. You might turn a ceramics hobby into a lucrative personalized coffee mug business. What I'm saying is that in reality, there's literally no end to the ways you can start and operate a profitable extra income business from your home.

The first thing you must do, however, is some basic market research. Find out for yourself, first-hand, just how many people there are in your area who are interested in your proposed product or service, and would be willing to stand in line and pay money for it. This is known as defining your market and pinpointing your customers. If after checking around, talking about your idea with a whole lot of people over a period of one to three months, you get the idea that these people would be paying customers, your next effort should be directed toward the detailing of your business plan. The more precise and detailed your plan - covering all the bases relating to how you'll do everything that needs to be done - the easier it's going to be for you to attain success. Such a plan should show your start-up investment needs, your advertising plan, your production costs and procedures, your sales program, and how your time will be allocated. Too often, enthusiastic and ambitious entrepreneurs jump in on an extra income project and suddenly find that the costs are beyond their abilities, and the time requirements more than they can meet. It pays to lay it all out on paper before you get involved, and the clearer you can see everything before you start, the better your chances for success.

Now, assuming you've got your market targeted, you know who your customers are going to be and how you're going to reach them with your product or service. And you have all your costs as well as time requirements itemized. The next step is to set your plan in motion and start making money.

Here is the most important secret of all, relating to starting and building a profitable home-based business, so read very carefully. Regardless of what kind of business you start, you must have the capital and the available time to sustain your business through the first six months of operation. Specifically, you must not count on receiving or spending any money coming in from your business on yourself or for your bills during those first six months. All the income from your business during those first six months should be reinvested in your business in order for it to grow and reach our planned first year potential.

Once you've passed that first six months milestone, you can set up a small monthly salary for yourself, and begin enjoying the fruits of your labor. But the first six months or operation for any business are critical, so do not plan to use any of the money your business generates for yourself during that period.

If you've got your business plan properly organized, and have implemented the plan, you should at the end of your first year be able to begin thinking about hiring other people to alleviate some of your work-load. Remember this: Starting a successful business is not a means towards either a job for yourself or a way to keep busy. It should be regarded as the beginning of an enterprise that will grow and prosper, with you as the top dog. Eventually, you'll have other people doing all the work for you, even running the entire operation, while you vacation in the Bahamas or Hawaii and collect or receive regular income from your initial efforts.

For more details on market research, business planning, advertising, selling, order fulfillment, and other aspects of home-based businesses, watch World Wide Information Outlet for future reports.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Reprint permission for any medium is granted only if all information below this notice, including the WWIO web site link and authors biography are included as written.

In these days, it's becoming increasingly difficult to make ends meet with just one source of income. Thus, more and more people are investigating the possibilities of starting their own extra-income business. Most of these part-time endeavors are started and operated from the comfort and privacy of the home.

Most of these people are making the extra money they need. Some have wisely and carefully built these extra income efforts into full-time, very profitable businesses. Others are just keeping busy, having fun, and enjoying life as never before. The important thing is that they are doing something other than waiting for the government to give them a handout; they are improving their lot in life, and you can do it, too!

The fields of mail order selling, multi-level marketing, and in-home party sales have never been more popular. If any of these kinds of extra income producing ideas appeal to you, then you owe it to yourself to check them out. But these aren't the only fields of endeavor you can start and operate from home, with little or no investment, and learn as you go.

If you type, you can start a home-based typing service; if you have a truck or have access to a trailer, you can start a clean-up/hauling service. Simply collecting old news papers from your neighbors can get you started in the paper recycling business. More than a few enterprising housewives have found success and fortune by starting home and/or apartment cleaning services. If you have a yard full of flowers, you can make good extra money by supplying fresh cut flowers to restaurants and offices in your area on a regular basis. You might turn a ceramics hobby into a lucrative personalized coffee mug business. What I'm saying is that in reality, there's literally no end to the ways you can start and operate a profitable extra income business from your home.

The first thing you must do, however, is some basic market research. Find out for yourself, first-hand, just how many people there are in your area who are interested in your proposed product or service, and would be willing to stand in line and pay money for it. This is known as defining your market and pinpointing your customers. If after checking around, talking about your idea with a whole lot of people over a period of one to three months, you get the idea that these people would be paying customers, your next effort should be directed toward the detailing of your business plan. The more precise and detailed your plan - covering all the bases relating to how you'll do everything that needs to be done - the easier it's going to be for you to attain success. Such a plan should show your start-up investment needs, your advertising plan, your production costs and procedures, your sales program, and how your time will be allocated. Too often, enthusiastic and ambitious entrepreneurs jump in on an extra income project and suddenly find that the costs are beyond their abilities, and the time requirements more than they can meet. It pays to lay it all out on paper before you get involved, and the clearer you can see everything before you start, the better your chances for success.

Now, assuming you've got your market targeted, you know who your customers are going to be and how you're going to reach them with your product or service. And you have all your costs as well as time requirements itemized. The next step is to set your plan in motion and start making money.

Here is the most important secret of all, relating to starting and building a profitable home-based business, so read very carefully. Regardless of what kind of business you start, you must have the capital and the available time to sustain your business through the first six months of operation. Specifically, you must not count on receiving or spending any money coming in from your business on yourself or for your bills during those first six months. All the income from your business during those first six months should be reinvested in your business in order for it to grow and reach our planned first year potential.

Once you've passed that first six months milestone, you can set up a small monthly salary for yourself, and begin enjoying the fruits of your labor. But the first six months or operation for any business are critical, so do not plan to use any of the money your business generates for yourself during that period.

If you've got your business plan properly organized, and have implemented the plan, you should at the end of your first year be able to begin thinking about hiring other people to alleviate some of your work-load. Remember this: Starting a successful business is not a means towards either a job for yourself or a way to keep busy. It should be regarded as the beginning of an enterprise that will grow and prosper, with you as the top dog. Eventually, you'll have other people doing all the work for you, even running the entire operation, while you vacation in the Bahamas or Hawaii and collect or receive regular income from your initial efforts.

For more details on market research, business planning, advertising, selling, order fulfillment, and other aspects of home-based businesses, watch World Wide Information Outlet for future reports.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Reprint permission for any medium is granted only if all information below this notice, including the WWIO web site link and authors biography are included as written.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

10 Ways to Maximize the Impact of TrainingRon Kaufman

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

A database is more than a simple list of names and addresses. What turns a list into a database is the additionalinformation, coupled with your ability to select names from or report on the list using any combination of data elements.

In this report, you'll see some examples of the benefits of developing and maintaining a database. Then, the specific information that a database can contain will be detailed.

BENEFITS OF A DATABASE

By maintaining your list as a database, you can segment in many ways for targeting. Targeting improves the productivity of your offers. You can use a database to isolate the segment of your list most likely to respond to a particular offer. With a good database, you're not mass-mailing your offer to parts of your list that may have no interest in it (based on their characteristics). Because the number you're mailing is smaller, your response rate (number responding/number mailed) - one measure of productivity - should be higher. (And, of course, you'll save on printing and postage costs.)

Here are two simple examples of targeting using database information:

You're the owner of a neighborhood beauty salon. For each customer, you keep a record (with dates) of all the services you've provided to that customer. You're planning a special pre-summer promotion on permanent waves for the month of May.

Instead of mailing an announcement of the sale to your entire customer list (many of whom don't have their hair permed), you select only those customers who had a permanent at least three months ago. In this way, you're targeting those customers who are most likely to take advantage of your upcoming sale.

You're the dinner chairperson of a local fund-raising organization. Your mailing list is made up of a wide range of contributors, from those who've donated only a few dollars to those who give annual gifts of thousands of dollars. For each contributor, you maintain a record of all past donations and functions he/she has attended, in addition to basic mailing information.

This year, you're asking for donations of $100 a plate for the annual dinner dance. To get the best response to your invitation, you first target those contributors who were at last year's dinner dance. Then you target those who weren't at the dance, but who donated more than $100 in the past year. Depending on the response you expect from these first two groups, you may next want to target those names on your list that didn't attend the last dance, but contributed $50 in the last year. You may even want to have a phone follow-up to the first two groups but use the mailing only for the third group.

A properly set up database can provide many benefits for your business or organization. But the usefulness of a database depends entirely on what elements you include in it.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE DATABASE

Depending on your type of business or organization, you will want to include different fields in your database. Later in this report you will see some examples of the fields that are appropriate in specific instances. For all businesses or organizations, though, certain basic information is always necessary.

By including basic information in your database, you ensure that the people or companies on your list are deliverable. That is, the mailings you produce using your list will get where you want them to go - into the hands of the individual who is most likely to respond to your offer.

Basic information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, you will need to include the following fields for each name on your list:

A unique account number.

This number should not be tied into any other information about the customer, for example, phone number or address, since this sort of information may change over time. The account number should never change throughout the life of the customer. A sequential numbering system is simple and effective.

Company name.

Street Address.

Suite number, is necessary

P.O. Box, if necessary.

City

State

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

Job title or name of contact.

Some business mailers maintain the name of the individual within the customer's business or organization. Others simply use the appropriate job title. The alternative you choose will depend on the nature of your business and the amount of turnover associated with the position that is your contact.

Basic Information for Individual (Non-Business) Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you will need to include the following data for each name on the list:

A unique account number.

Individual's name.

Street address or P.O. Box.

Apartment number, is necessary.

City.

State.

Zip Code, five or nine digit.

Phone number (with area code).

The basic information listed above is necessary to make sure that the names on your mailing list are mailable. But how do you decide which names are more productive?

Data Elements to Evaluate - Recency, Frequency and Monetary Value

Regardless of whether you're mailing to businesses or individuals, there are three factors - recency, frequency and monetary value - that are commonly used to measure the value of a name.

Recency: Recency refers to the last time that the customer ordered or responded to an offer.

Frequency: Frequency is the number of orders or responses that the customer has made since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

Monetary Value: The monetary value is the amount of money the customer has spent since becoming a customer (or during the last year or other specified time period).

How do these three factors determine the value of a customer (the likelihood he/she will order again)?

• The more recently a customer has ordered from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more often a customer orders from you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  
• The more money a customer spends with you, the more likely he/she will be to respond to your next offer.
  
  

All three factors - recency, frequency, and monetary value - are considered to be good indicators of whether or not a customer is likely to respond to a future offer. But they are not equal. Recency is thought to be the best indicator, followed by frequency and then monetary value.

In order to use these valuable pieces of information, here are the specific fields you need to maintain on your database:

• For recency: The date of the last transaction with the customer - the date of the customer's last order, purchase or donation.
  
  
• For frequency: The dates of all previous transactions with the customer over a certain period of time.
  
  
• For monetary value: The size (in dollars) of all of the customer's previous purchases or other transactions. (It is also common to maintain the dollar amount of the customer's most recent order as the monetary value indicator.)
  
  

In addition to evaluating the recency, frequency, and monetary worth of your audience, you will probably find that there are many other important ways to analyze the names on your database.

Additional Information for Business Audiences

If your audience is made up of businesses, there is additional descriptive information, some specific to your product or offer, that could be valuable to have.

You might want to consider storing some of the following data elements for each of the names on your database:

Number of employees in the business/organization.

Type of business/organization.

The United States Government four-digit coding system, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, is commonly used to identify businesses. For example, the codes 5211 through 5999 identify Retailers. Within that category, 5411 is the code for Grocery Stores, 5441 the number for Candy, Nut and Congectionery Stores. The SIC Manual is available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Annual sales volume.

Credit status code

The credit status code could be developed by you, based on the customer's payment history or perhaps obtained from a commercial credit report.

Items ordered from you.

With data in this field, you can select customers for programs designed to get them to reorder an item, or to order complementary or supply items.

Location.

Is it a headquarters, subsidiary, branch, division, etc.? If you are making an offer that requires a decision by someone at the headquarters of a company, you may not want to send it to the branch office (unless there are employees involved in the decision too).

Source of the name.

This field is usually a code representing where you got the name. Assign a unique code for each referral program, publication advertisement, list, etc., you use to get a new name. Assigning a source code to each new customer allowsyou to evaluate the effectiveness of each technique you use to get customers or to collect prospect names.

Additional Information for Individual Audiences

If your audience is made up of individuals, you may want to collect information on the household unit, often the most relevant purchasing unit. Here are some suggestions for demographic information that could be useful to you in analyzing the names on your mailing list.

Household income.

Occupations of household members.

Number of people in the household.

Ages of the members of the household.

Genders of members of the household.

Marital status of members of the household.

Information on property belonging to the household:

• Type of living quarters.
  
  
• Owned or rented living quarters.
  
  
• Number, make, model, etc. of each
  
  automobile.
• Number, make, model, etc. of each major appliance.
  
  

Political affiliation.

Hobbies and leisure time activities.

Now you know the secrets of how a database can turn your mailing list into a valuable asset for your business or organization. You understand what basic fields to include. And you have had an overview of what additional fields might be added to the basic ones that make a list mailable. Be sure to carefully analyze your own needs and to include information that would be of help to you in mailing smarter. In a future report, we will explain the details of how to go about collecting the names for your mailing list, starting with your customer list.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

This article may be used online or off line in publications as long as credit is given to World Wide Information Outlet in the above resource box.

60 Second Window #26 Color at a price...None
Fred Showker

Newsletter tips beyond computers and software...

As we've said many times before, publishing a newsletter can be one of your best marketing activities.

For most however, the cost of adding a second or spot color to each issue of a newsletter can be prohibitive. This requires a second plate and in most cases a second press run.

Newsletters in the four to twelve page range can enjoy an additional color at very little per-issue cost by printing a year's supply of lanks in advance. Plan your year, or perhaps the next nine months, into the budget to cover the initial cost.

Design your blank with a color masthead, logo, tint boxes, or page graphics, leaving the body blank to be imprinted with each new month's text and graphics. (In the old days we called this a dough-nut!) Design carefully though, your color elements must remain the same for each issue. Make arrangements well in advance so your printer can print at his convenience, and when the color you want happens to be on the press for another job. You can probably make him happy, and get a little off the job if you ask what colors are coming up soon for other jobs and make your selection from those. Don't forget - each time the printer changes colors, he has to do a wash-up.

For small circulation NLs, monthly imprints can be printed by a less complicated, less costly jiffy-print type printers - or even on your own photo-copier. It will make your job a little easier, less expensive and will provide a nicer looking newsletter as well.

Put that marketing partner in high gear by adding easy, low-cost color!

Happy publishing,

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Fred Showker is a 27-year veteran of the publishing and graphic arts industry, author and speaker. He is editor and publisher of DT&G: The Electronic Journal of Design, Type & Graphics, the design and publishing industry's longest running online magazine. The Design & Publishing Center hosts Photoshop Tips & Tricks, WebDesign & Review, The Designers Bookshelf and departments for the four areas of the graphic arts fields.

DT&G Magazine ('97 APEX Grand Award Winner)
The User Group Network News Service
http://www.user-groups.com/
Now serving 165,000 readers per month!

Newsletter tips beyond computers and software...

As we've said many times before, publishing a newsletter can be one of your best marketing activities.

For most however, the cost of adding a second or spot color to each issue of a newsletter can be prohibitive. This requires a second plate and in most cases a second press run.

Newsletters in the four to twelve page range can enjoy an additional color at very little per-issue cost by printing a year's supply of lanks in advance. Plan your year, or perhaps the next nine months, into the budget to cover the initial cost.

Design your blank with a color masthead, logo, tint boxes, or page graphics, leaving the body blank to be imprinted with each new month's text and graphics. (In the old days we called this a dough-nut!) Design carefully though, your color elements must remain the same for each issue. Make arrangements well in advance so your printer can print at his convenience, and when the color you want happens to be on the press for another job. You can probably make him happy, and get a little off the job if you ask what colors are coming up soon for other jobs and make your selection from those. Don't forget - each time the printer changes colors, he has to do a wash-up.

For small circulation NLs, monthly imprints can be printed by a less complicated, less costly jiffy-print type printers - or even on your own photo-copier. It will make your job a little easier, less expensive and will provide a nicer looking newsletter as well.

Put that marketing partner in high gear by adding easy, low-cost color!

Happy publishing,

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Fred Showker is a 27-year veteran of the publishing and graphic arts industry, author and speaker. He is editor and publisher of DT&G: The Electronic Journal of Design, Type & Graphics, the design and publishing industry's longest running online magazine. The Design & Publishing Center hosts Photoshop Tips & Tricks, WebDesign & Review, The Designers Bookshelf and departments for the four areas of the graphic arts fields.

DT&G Magazine ('97 APEX Grand Award Winner)
The User Group Network News Service
http://www.user-groups.com/
Now serving 165,000 readers per month!

Newsletter tips beyond computers and software...

As we've said many times before, publishing a newsletter can be one of your best marketing activities.

For most however, the cost of adding a second or spot color to each issue of a newsletter can be prohibitive. This requires a second plate and in most cases a second press run.

Newsletters in the four to twelve page range can enjoy an additional color at very little per-issue cost by printing a year's supply of lanks in advance. Plan your year, or perhaps the next nine months, into the budget to cover the initial cost.

Design your blank with a color masthead, logo, tint boxes, or page graphics, leaving the body blank to be imprinted with each new month's text and graphics. (In the old days we called this a dough-nut!) Design carefully though, your color elements must remain the same for each issue. Make arrangements well in advance so your printer can print at his convenience, and when the color you want happens to be on the press for another job. You can probably make him happy, and get a little off the job if you ask what colors are coming up soon for other jobs and make your selection from those. Don't forget - each time the printer changes colors, he has to do a wash-up.

For small circulation NLs, monthly imprints can be printed by a less complicated, less costly jiffy-print type printers - or even on your own photo-copier. It will make your job a little easier, less expensive and will provide a nicer looking newsletter as well.

Put that marketing partner in high gear by adding easy, low-cost color!

Happy publishing,

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Fred Showker is a 27-year veteran of the publishing and graphic arts industry, author and speaker. He is editor and publisher of DT&G: The Electronic Journal of Design, Type & Graphics, the design and publishing industry's longest running online magazine. The Design & Publishing Center hosts Photoshop Tips & Tricks, WebDesign & Review, The Designers Bookshelf and departments for the four areas of the graphic arts fields.

DT&G Magazine ('97 APEX Grand Award Winner)
The User Group Network News Service
http://www.user-groups.com/
Now serving 165,000 readers per month!

Newsletter tips beyond computers and software...

As we've said many times before, publishing a newsletter can be one of your best marketing activities.

For most however, the cost of adding a second or spot color to each issue of a newsletter can be prohibitive. This requires a second plate and in most cases a second press run.

Newsletters in the four to twelve page range can enjoy an additional color at very little per-issue cost by printing a year's supply of lanks in advance. Plan your year, or perhaps the next nine months, into the budget to cover the initial cost.

Design your blank with a color masthead, logo, tint boxes, or page graphics, leaving the body blank to be imprinted with each new month's text and graphics. (In the old days we called this a dough-nut!) Design carefully though, your color elements must remain the same for each issue. Make arrangements well in advance so your printer can print at his convenience, and when the color you want happens to be on the press for another job. You can probably make him happy, and get a little off the job if you ask what colors are coming up soon for other jobs and make your selection from those. Don't forget - each time the printer changes colors, he has to do a wash-up.

For small circulation NLs, monthly imprints can be printed by a less complicated, less costly jiffy-print type printers - or even on your own photo-copier. It will make your job a little easier, less expensive and will provide a nicer looking newsletter as well.

Put that marketing partner in high gear by adding easy, low-cost color!

Happy publishing,

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Fred Showker is a 27-year veteran of the publishing and graphic arts industry, author and speaker. He is editor and publisher of DT&G: The Electronic Journal of Design, Type & Graphics, the design and publishing industry's longest running online magazine. The Design & Publishing Center hosts Photoshop Tips & Tricks, WebDesign & Review, The Designers Bookshelf and departments for the four areas of the graphic arts fields.

DT&G Magazine ('97 APEX Grand Award Winner)
The User Group Network News Service
http://www.user-groups.com/
Now serving 165,000 readers per month!

Guidelines' Guidelines. (Is there an echo in here?)Ed Churnside
Fred Showker

Newsletter tips beyond computers and software...

As we've said many times before, publishing a newsletter can be one of your best marketing activities.

For most however, the cost of adding a second or spot color to each issue of a newsletter can be prohibitive. This requires a second plate and in most cases a second press run.

Newsletters in the four to twelve page range can enjoy an additional color at very little per-issue cost by printing a year's supply of lanks in advance. Plan your year, or perhaps the next nine months, into the budget to cover the initial cost.

Design your blank with a color masthead, logo, tint boxes, or page graphics, leaving the body blank to be imprinted with each new month's text and graphics. (In the old days we called this a dough-nut!) Design carefully though, your color elements must remain the same for each issue. Make arrangements well in advance so your printer can print at his convenience, and when the color you want happens to be on the press for another job. You can probably make him happy, and get a little off the job if you ask what colors are coming up soon for other jobs and make your selection from those. Don't forget - each time the printer changes colors, he has to do a wash-up.

For small circulation NLs, monthly imprints can be printed by a less complicated, less costly jiffy-print type printers - or even on your own photo-copier. It will make your job a little easier, less expensive and will provide a nicer looking newsletter as well.

Put that marketing partner in high gear by adding easy, low-cost color!

Happy publishing,

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Fred Showker is a 27-year veteran of the publishing and graphic arts industry, author and speaker. He is editor and publisher of DT&G: The Electronic Journal of Design, Type & Graphics, the design and publishing industry's longest running online magazine. The Design & Publishing Center hosts Photoshop Tips & Tricks, WebDesign & Review, The Designers Bookshelf and departments for the four areas of the graphic arts fields.

DT&G Magazine ('97 APEX Grand Award Winner)
The User Group Network News Service
http://www.user-groups.com/
Now serving 165,000 readers per month!

WHOLESALE - SOME PRICING CONSIDERATIONS

Your ideal goal here would be to set your price at 2x your Total Cost. But, you will more often have to settle for a lot less mark-up. The compensating factor here is that when selling wholesale, you are selling in larger volumes than when selling retail. The larger volumes should help you reduce the costs of your parts, since you can buy those in volume. It should also result in a lot more cash flowing through your bank accounts. While you don't measure cash flow in actual dollar amounts and profits, cash flow definitely has a value because it enables your business to keep operating smoothly, and with less fits and starts.

The minimum return you should settle for with wholesale is the ability to price your items at 1.25x your Total Cost. If any less, you need to rethink your product or your marketing strategy.

A reasonable return you should aim for with wholesale is 1.5x your Total Cost.

Again, your ideal goal would be 2.0x your Total Cost. [If you are only wholesaling a few pieces at a time, then 2.0x might be your minimum acceptable amount.

CONSIGNMENT: SOME PRICING CONSIDERATIONS

Many artists and craftspersons are dependent on consignment sales, since many of the retail outlets for these types of products must share the isk of sales with the artist. That is, the retail outlet cannot afford to buy the pieces outright. They can only afford to create a retail environment conducive for the sale of crafts and artwork.

Thus, the retailer, in consignment, basically agrees to accept a little less of a profit from the sale of any item. The artist/craftsperson also agrees to accept a little less money.

Typically, the retailer and artist/craftsperson might negotiate an item's price based on what they think someone will pay for it. Then they will agree how to split the money. A very common split is 60% of the sales price goes to the retailer, and 40% goes to the artist/craftsperson. Also common is 70% retailer/30% artist craftsperson. Less common is 50/50, 40/60 or 80/20.

Now the artist/craftsperson has to determine if the return is sufficient to result in a profit. If the decided-upon price for an item was $10.00, and the negotiated split was 60/40, the artist would expect $4.00 from its sale. This $4.00 would have to cover the cost of the parts, the general overhead costs, and hopefully some or all of the artist's labor, as well as some extra money to reinvest in the business.

Suppose the item was a pair of earrings, the cost of the parts was $1.00, the cost of labor $2.50, and overhead .88. The cost to the artist would be $4.38 -- .38 more in cost then in return. The artist could decide to take less for his or her labor. Or, the artist could renegotiate with the retailer to set a higher price for the item. The retailer would evaluate whether the item could sell at a higher price, or would sit around gathering dust, thus costing the retailing overhead costs, that could otherwise be offset with a better, faster selling item. [Retailers need to urn merchandise around at least 2x, and ideally 3x each year. That is, each square foot of selling space must generate a certain number of dollars each year to enable the retailer to pay the rent and other overhead costs generated by that square foot of selling space. If the retailer is resistant to raising the price, and the return is insufficient to cover the artist's costs, then the artist needs to re-evaluate the product or the location for selling that product.

One of the greatest thrills of all time is when someone pays real money for something you have designed and created.

The first question pops up: Can I make some serious money making jewelry?

Why not? With smart planning, strategizing and marketing, you should even be able to make a living from your creative impulses.

Some advice:

First, buy your parts cheaply.
Limit your inventory at first. Buy a few parts in large quantities.

The more expensive your parts, the harder it will be to mark up your finished product in order to make a profit.

If you try to design your business so that you can meet every contingency -- that is, respond to every request or market niche -- you'll end up buying a lot of different parts to have breadth, rather than depth, of inventory. This will cost you. Each part will have to be bought in smaller quantities, and thus will be more expensive.

If, instead, you concentrate on replicating a limited number of designs, (perhaps varying certain design-features rather than coming up with completely new and different designs), you'll be able to buy parts in larger quantities, making them less expensive.

[As your business develops and matures, your goals will change, and you will seek greater breadth -- but this is a subject for another article.

Second, know your market.
Who are your customers?

What will your customers be willing to pay, say, for a pair of earrings?

Where are your customers located? How will they get to you, or you to them?

What will it cost you to link up to your target market? - travel, displays, packaging, timing

You don't want to make a $100.00 beaded watch band if your most likely target market customer will only be willing to pay $20.00 for it.

Third, know your competition.
Check out similar merchandise in stores, flea markets and other places that sell jewelry like yours, and that target customers like the ones you want to target. How have they priced similar merchandise?

Fourth, mark up and price your products so that you will make a sufficient profit.

Sufficiency means that (a) you can buy replacement parts, (b) you can pay your overhead costs, (c) you can pay yourself, and (d) you can reinvest 5-10% of your earnings back into your business, such as expanding your inventory, or buying display fixtures and the like.

Remember, it's always easier to lower a price, than raise a price. Customers smile at lower prices, but frown on raised prices.

Some Formulas To Help You Price Your Pieces

You need to write down this information:

1) Cost of All Parts

Use your ypical costs. If you got a good buy on some parts, don't use the discounted cost, unless this is going to become your ypical cost.

2) Cost of your Labor

Figure out what you would expect to make per hour if someone were paying you a salary. $10.00/hour is reasonable for a beginner. Determine on average, how many hours it takes to make the piece. Figure out the hours to the nearest quarter of an hour. That is, if you took 1 hour 6 minutes to make a piece, consider that 1 1/4 hours. The number of hours times the hourly rate is your cost of labor.

3) Overhead costs (rent, electricity, consumable supplies, cost of travel to acquire your supplies, and the like).

Assume your overhead costs equal an additional 25% of the total cost of parts plus the cost of labor.

Now, compute your TOTAL COST:

TOTAL COST = Cost of All Parts + Overhead + Labor

It's always difficult to recoup your labor, that is, the amount of time you put into making a product. You usually have to discount your labor. Thus,

TOTAL MINIMUM COST = Cost of All Parts + Overhead + (Labor * 0.0)
TOTAL MAXIMUM COST = (Cost of All Parts + Overhead) * (1.5)

(1.5 is a labor cost adjustment factor)

If your parts costs $10.00 and labor cost $2.00, your overhead would cost an additional $3.00.

Your TOTAL MINIMUM COST (where you have charged nothing for your labor) would then be $13.00.

Your TOTAL MAXIMUM COST (where you have charged the maximum amount for your labor) would be $19.50.

Now you have to translate your cost into a price.

For jewelry, you want to price your items at least 2 times your Total Cost, and preferably 2.5 to 3.0 times your Total Cost. Too many people underprice their products.

Don't be afraid to adequately price your products. Jewelry is typically marked up higher than other goods. There are many reasons for this. The cost of getting and maintaining an inventory of parts is high; you can't buy just 1 bead at a time as needed. Jewelry fashions change every 3-4 months, often radically, leaving you with some unsaleable stock.

In our example above, if your product cost:

$13.00 (Total Minimum Cost), it would be priced between $26.00 (2*cost) and $39.00 (3*cost)

$19.50 (Total Maximum Cost), it would be priced between $39.00 (2*cost) and $58.50 (3*cost)

Sit back and evaluate your situation. If you feel your target market won't pay at least, in this example, $26.00 for the finished product, you need to rethink. Either reduce your costs or redesign the product.

YOUR PROFITS: Assuming your cost was $13.00 plus $2.00 labor, or $15.00, and you sold your item for $26.00, your profit would be $9.00. You would want to set aside between 25% and 50% of this profit for einvestment into your business. Thus, after you paid your labor ($2.00), bought replacement parts ($10.00), and paid all your associated overhead ($3.00), you would put between $2.25 and $4.50 towards purchasing additional things for your business, and the remainder in your business bank account.

Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
LAND OF ODDS - The South's Most Unusual Shop
150 Second Avenue North, Ste. 110, Nashville, TN 37201
PHONE: 615/254-4341, 726-1665
FAX: 615/254-4341
http://www.landofodds.com
oddsian@landofodds.com

WHOLESALE - SOME PRICING CONSIDERATIONS

Your ideal goal here would be to set your price at 2x your Total Cost. But, you will more often have to settle for a lot less mark-up. The compensating factor here is that when selling wholesale, you are selling in larger volumes than when selling retail. The larger volumes should help you reduce the costs of your parts, since you can buy those in volume. It should also result in a lot more cash flowing through your bank accounts. While you don't measure cash flow in actual dollar amounts and profits, cash flow definitely has a value because it enables your business to keep operating smoothly, and with less fits and starts.

The minimum return you should settle for with wholesale is the ability to price your items at 1.25x your Total Cost. If any less, you need to rethink your product or your marketing strategy.

A reasonable return you should aim for with wholesale is 1.5x your Total Cost.

Again, your ideal goal would be 2.0x your Total Cost. [If you are only wholesaling a few pieces at a time, then 2.0x might be your minimum acceptable amount.

CONSIGNMENT: SOME PRICING CONSIDERATIONS

Many artists and craftspersons are dependent on consignment sales, since many of the retail outlets for these types of products must share the isk of sales with the artist. That is, the retail outlet cannot afford to buy the pieces outright. They can only afford to create a retail environment conducive for the sale of crafts and artwork.

Thus, the retailer, in consignment, basically agrees to accept a little less of a profit from the sale of any item. The artist/craftsperson also agrees to accept a little less money.

Typically, the retailer and artist/craftsperson might negotiate an item's price based on what they think someone will pay for it. Then they will agree how to split the money. A very common split is 60% of the sales price goes to the retailer, and 40% goes to the artist/craftsperson. Also common is 70% retailer/30% artist craftsperson. Less common is 50/50, 40/60 or 80/20.

Now the artist/craftsperson has to determine if the return is sufficient to result in a profit. If the decided-upon price for an item was $10.00, and the negotiated split was 60/40, the artist would expect $4.00 from its sale. This $4.00 would have to cover the cost of the parts, the general overhead costs, and hopefully some or all of the artist's labor, as well as some extra money to reinvest in the business.

Suppose the item was a pair of earrings, the cost of the parts was $1.00, the cost of labor $2.50, and overhead .88. The cost to the artist would be $4.38 -- .38 more in cost then in return. The artist could decide to take less for his or her labor. Or, the artist could renegotiate with the retailer to set a higher price for the item. The retailer would evaluate whether the item could sell at a higher price, or would sit around gathering dust, thus costing the retailing overhead costs, that could otherwise be offset with a better, faster selling item. [Retailers need to urn merchandise around at least 2x, and ideally 3x each year. That is, each square foot of selling space must generate a certain number of dollars each year to enable the retailer to pay the rent and other overhead costs generated by that square foot of selling space. If the retailer is resistant to raising the price, and the return is insufficient to cover the artist's costs, then the artist needs to re-evaluate the product or the location for selling that product.

One of the greatest thrills of all time is when someone pays real money for something you have designed and created.

The first question pops up: Can I make some serious money making jewelry?

Why not? With smart planning, strategizing and marketing, you should even be able to make a living from your creative impulses.

Some advice:

First, buy your parts cheaply.
Limit your inventory at first. Buy a few parts in large quantities.

The more expensive your parts, the harder it will be to mark up your finished product in order to make a profit.

If you try to design your business so that you can meet every contingency -- that is, respond to every request or market niche -- you'll end up buying a lot of different parts to have breadth, rather than depth, of inventory. This will cost you. Each part will have to be bought in smaller quantities, and thus will be more expensive.

If, instead, you concentrate on replicating a limited number of designs, (perhaps varying certain design-features rather than coming up with completely new and different designs), you'll be able to buy parts in larger quantities, making them less expensive.

[As your business develops and matures, your goals will change, and you will seek greater breadth -- but this is a subject for another article.

Second, know your market.
Who are your customers?

What will your customers be willing to pay, say, for a pair of earrings?

Where are your customers located? How will they get to you, or you to them?

What will it cost you to link up to your target market? - travel, displays, packaging, timing

You don't want to make a $100.00 beaded watch band if your most likely target market customer will only be willing to pay $20.00 for it.

Third, know your competition.
Check out similar merchandise in stores, flea markets and other places that sell jewelry like yours, and that target customers like the ones you want to target. How have they priced similar merchandise?

Fourth, mark up and price your products so that you will make a sufficient profit.

Sufficiency means that (a) you can buy replacement parts, (b) you can pay your overhead costs, (c) you can pay yourself, and (d) you can reinvest 5-10% of your earnings back into your business, such as expanding your inventory, or buying display fixtures and the like.

Remember, it's always easier to lower a price, than raise a price. Customers smile at lower prices, but frown on raised prices.

Some Formulas To Help You Price Your Pieces

You need to write down this information:

1) Cost of All Parts

Use your ypical costs. If you got a good buy on some parts, don't use the discounted cost, unless this is going to become your ypical cost.

2) Cost of your Labor

Figure out what you would expect to make per hour if someone were paying you a salary. $10.00/hour is reasonable for a beginner. Determine on average, how many hours it takes to make the piece. Figure out the hours to the nearest quarter of an hour. That is, if you took 1 hour 6 minutes to make a piece, consider that 1 1/4 hours. The number of hours times the hourly rate is your cost of labor.

3) Overhead costs (rent, electricity, consumable supplies, cost of travel to acquire your supplies, and the like).

Assume your overhead costs equal an additional 25% of the total cost of parts plus the cost of labor.

Now, compute your TOTAL COST:

TOTAL COST = Cost of All Parts + Overhead + Labor

It's always difficult to recoup your labor, that is, the amount of time you put into making a product. You usually have to discount your labor. Thus,

TOTAL MINIMUM COST = Cost of All Parts + Overhead + (Labor * 0.0)
TOTAL MAXIMUM COST = (Cost of All Parts + Overhead) * (1.5)

(1.5 is a labor cost adjustment factor)

If your parts costs $10.00 and labor cost $2.00, your overhead would cost an additional $3.00.

Your TOTAL MINIMUM COST (where you have charged nothing for your labor) would then be $13.00.

Your TOTAL MAXIMUM COST (where you have charged the maximum amount for your labor) would be $19.50.

Now you have to translate your cost into a price.

For jewelry, you want to price your items at least 2 times your Total Cost, and preferably 2.5 to 3.0 times your Total Cost. Too many people underprice their products.

Don't be afraid to adequately price your products. Jewelry is typically marked up higher than other goods. There are many reasons for this. The cost of getting and maintaining an inventory of parts is high; you can't buy just 1 bead at a time as needed. Jewelry fashions change every 3-4 months, often radically, leaving you with some unsaleable stock.

In our example above, if your product cost:

$13.00 (Total Minimum Cost), it would be priced between $26.00 (2*cost) and $39.00 (3*cost)

$19.50 (Total Maximum Cost), it would be priced between $39.00 (2*cost) and $58.50 (3*cost)

Sit back and evaluate your situation. If you feel your target market won't pay at least, in this example, $26.00 for the finished product, you need to rethink. Either reduce your costs or redesign the product.

YOUR PROFITS: Assuming your cost was $13.00 plus $2.00 labor, or $15.00, and you sold your item for $26.00, your profit would be $9.00. You would want to set aside between 25% and 50% of this profit for einvestment into your business. Thus, after you paid your labor ($2.00), bought replacement parts ($10.00), and paid all your associated overhead ($3.00), you would put between $2.25 and $4.50 towards purchasing additional things for your business, and the remainder in your business bank account.

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LAND OF ODDS - The South's Most Unusual Shop
150 Second Avenue North, Ste. 110, Nashville, TN 37201
PHONE: 615/254-4341, 726-1665
FAX: 615/254-4341
http://www.landofodds.com
oddsian@landofodds.com

In much the same way that a resume displays your work experience to a prospective employer, a credit report provides prospective creditors (and in some cases employers and insurers too) with a detailed picture of your credit history. And like a resume, your credit report can influence whether you will receive what you are applying for.

Ideally, your credit report is an accurate, up-to-date reflection of your credit history. However, since we don't live in an ideal world, there are many reasons that your credit report could contain inaccuracies that might prevent you from receiving the credit you deserve. The good news is you can take action to keep your report accurate. Here are the top five reasons why you should make a practice of regularly reviewing your credit report:

Inaccuracies & Mixed Credit Files

Many inaccuracies on a credit report can be the result of simple human error, and are therefore are not difficult to dispute. Of course, if you don't order your credit report, you might never know about it. Whether the inaccuracies relate to payments not credited, late payments, or data mixed in from the credit file of someone else with a name similar to yours, you will want to contact the credit bureau to dispute inaccurate information promptly. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now, click here.

Tracking Payments

One of the most important elements of credit is a demonstrated history of on time payments. Once you send the check though, anything can happen--a delay in the payment being received can kick you over to a 30-day delinquency. If you call your creditor and explain the situation, they might adjust the information. Of course, if you don't read your credit report, you won't necessarily know which payments are being received and reported properly. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now,click here.

Identity Theft

This issue alone is reason to order your credit report immediately. Identity theft is an insidious crime, involving a thief who assumes your name to open new accounts, divert your card statements to another address, and run up all sorts of bad debt without you ever knowing about it until collectors come calling. Over time, identity theft could jeopardize your ability to obtain further credit. The best way to catch a thief who is using your name is by getting a copy of your credit report, which will show you if there are accounts listed you know you haven't opened. For example, if a thief has intercepted a pre-approved credit card offer in your name and sent it in with a change of address, your credit report will include the account. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now, click here.

Inquiries

If you're shopping around for a loan or more credit, you should know that when creditors check your credit, it places an inquiry on your credit report. Inquiries can add up, which is often interpreted as a negative by creditors. For this reason, too many inquiries can actually make getting credit more difficult. Moreover, if you didn't authorize someone to look at your credit report and they did, they may have broken the law. If you would like to see who's been looking at your credit, click hereto get a free copy of your credit report right now.

Credit Fraud--Unauthorized Charges

Credit fraud involves the theft of your credit card or account number to make unauthorized charges to your account. Though consumers are protected financially from this abuse, other creditors may take note of all this activity and decide to raise your interest rates or refuse to grant you a loan. Ordering your credit report will help you catch new activity on accounts that you haven't been using, or may have closed. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now,click here.

When it comes to managing your credit worthiness, your credit report is your best resource. Ordering your credit report gives you the opportunity to manage your credit wisely today, while planning your credit strategy for achieving future goals--a credit-savvy move every consumer should make! click hereto get your credit report right now, for free!

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Reprint permission for any medium is granted only if all information below this notice, including the WWIO web site link and authors biography are included as written.

In much the same way that a resume displays your work experience to a prospective employer, a credit report provides prospective creditors (and in some cases employers and insurers too) with a detailed picture of your credit history. And like a resume, your credit report can influence whether you will receive what you are applying for.

Ideally, your credit report is an accurate, up-to-date reflection of your credit history. However, since we don't live in an ideal world, there are many reasons that your credit report could contain inaccuracies that might prevent you from receiving the credit you deserve. The good news is you can take action to keep your report accurate. Here are the top five reasons why you should make a practice of regularly reviewing your credit report:

Inaccuracies & Mixed Credit Files

Many inaccuracies on a credit report can be the result of simple human error, and are therefore are not difficult to dispute. Of course, if you don't order your credit report, you might never know about it. Whether the inaccuracies relate to payments not credited, late payments, or data mixed in from the credit file of someone else with a name similar to yours, you will want to contact the credit bureau to dispute inaccurate information promptly. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now, click here.

Tracking Payments

One of the most important elements of credit is a demonstrated history of on time payments. Once you send the check though, anything can happen--a delay in the payment being received can kick you over to a 30-day delinquency. If you call your creditor and explain the situation, they might adjust the information. Of course, if you don't read your credit report, you won't necessarily know which payments are being received and reported properly. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now,click here.

Identity Theft

This issue alone is reason to order your credit report immediately. Identity theft is an insidious crime, involving a thief who assumes your name to open new accounts, divert your card statements to another address, and run up all sorts of bad debt without you ever knowing about it until collectors come calling. Over time, identity theft could jeopardize your ability to obtain further credit. The best way to catch a thief who is using your name is by getting a copy of your credit report, which will show you if there are accounts listed you know you haven't opened. For example, if a thief has intercepted a pre-approved credit card offer in your name and sent it in with a change of address, your credit report will include the account. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now, click here.

Inquiries

If you're shopping around for a loan or more credit, you should know that when creditors check your credit, it places an inquiry on your credit report. Inquiries can add up, which is often interpreted as a negative by creditors. For this reason, too many inquiries can actually make getting credit more difficult. Moreover, if you didn't authorize someone to look at your credit report and they did, they may have broken the law. If you would like to see who's been looking at your credit, click hereto get a free copy of your credit report right now.

Credit Fraud--Unauthorized Charges

Credit fraud involves the theft of your credit card or account number to make unauthorized charges to your account. Though consumers are protected financially from this abuse, other creditors may take note of all this activity and decide to raise your interest rates or refuse to grant you a loan. Ordering your credit report will help you catch new activity on accounts that you haven't been using, or may have closed. If you would like to get a free copy of your credit report right now,click here.

When it comes to managing your credit worthiness, your credit report is your best resource. Ordering your credit report gives you the opportunity to manage your credit wisely today, while planning your credit strategy for achieving future goals--a credit-savvy move every consumer should make! click hereto get your credit report right now, for free!

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Reprint permission for any medium is granted only if all information below this notice, including the WWIO web site link and authors biography are included as written.

I, (1), of (2), hereby appoint (3) of (4), as my attorney in fact to act in my capacity to do any and all of the following: (DESCRIBE THE EXTENT OF AUTHORITY YOU ARE GIVING TO YOUR ATTORNEY-IN-FACT) The rights, powers, and authority of my attorney in fact to exercise any and all of the rights and powers herein granted shall commence and be in full force and effect on (5), 19(6), and shall remain in full force and effect until (7) or unless specifically extended or rescinded earlier by either party. Dated (8), 19(9). SIGNED (10) STATE OF (11) COUNTY OF (12) BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on this (13) day of (14), 19(15), personally appeared (16) to me well known to be the person described in and who signed the Foregoing, and acknowledged to me that he executed the same freely and voluntarily for the uses and purposes therein expressed. WITNESS my hand and official seal the date aforesaid. (17) NOTARY PUBLIC My Commission Expires:(18) 1. Your full name
2. County or city in which you reside
3. Full name of person you appoint
4. County or city in which they reside
5. Day and month this becomes effective
6. Year this becomes effective
7. Last day, month and year this is effective
8. Day and month in which you signed it
9. The year in which you signed it
  10. Your full signature
11. The state in which you reside
12. The county in which you reside
FILLED OUT BY NOTARY PUBLIC 13. Day you signed the form
14. Month you signed the form
15. Year you signed the form
16. Your full name
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NOTICE

The information in this document is designed to provide an outline that you can follow when formulating business or personal plans. Due to the variances of many local, city, county and state laws, we recommend that you seek professional legal counseling before entering into any contract or agreement.

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I, (1), of (2), hereby appoint (3) of (4), as my attorney in fact to act in my capacity to do any and all of the following: (DESCRIBE THE EXTENT OF AUTHORITY YOU ARE GIVING TO YOUR ATTORNEY-IN-FACT) The rights, powers, and authority of my attorney in fact to exercise any and all of the rights and powers herein granted shall commence and be in full force and effect on (5), 19(6), and shall remain in full force and effect until (7) or unless specifically extended or rescinded earlier by either party. Dated (8), 19(9). SIGNED (10) STATE OF (11) COUNTY OF (12) BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on this (13) day of (14), 19(15), personally appeared (16) to me well known to be the person described in and who signed the Foregoing, and acknowledged to me that he executed the same freely and voluntarily for the uses and purposes therein expressed. WITNESS my hand and official seal the date aforesaid. (17) NOTARY PUBLIC My Commission Expires:(18) 1. Your full name
2. County or city in which you reside
3. Full name of person you appoint
4. County or city in which they reside
5. Day and month this becomes effective
6. Year this becomes effective
7. Last day, month and year this is effective
8. Day and month in which you signed it
9. The year in which you signed it
  10. Your full signature
11. The state in which you reside
12. The county in which you reside
FILLED OUT BY NOTARY PUBLIC 13. Day you signed the form
14. Month you signed the form
15. Year you signed the form
16. Your full name
17. Notary Public signature
18. Notary Public commission expiration date
NOTICE

The information in this document is designed to provide an outline that you can follow when formulating business or personal plans. Due to the variances of many local, city, county and state laws, we recommend that you seek professional legal counseling before entering into any contract or agreement.

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You can, if you are ambitious, start a Mail Order Business selling collectibles to hobbyists. To begin, you must first find a hobby that appeals to you. Next, you must spend several weeks researching that hobby. You must learn what collectors want and how much they are willing to pay for it. You should also know what other dealers are willing to pay for the merchandise which they sell. And you must be willing to pay the same amounts.

Perhaps you already know exactly what you want to sell. If you have been collecting old Valentines, then start a Mail Order business buying and selling old Valentines. Or stamps. Or comic books. The first rule of Mail Order Selling is to sell what you yourself would buy.

To give you an idea of what collectors buy and sell by mail, here is a partial list of today's collectibles!

Phonograph Records
Cigar Labels
License Plates
Beer Labels
Circus Posters
Music Boxes
Salt/Pepper Shakers
Greeting Cards
Old Pencils
Atlases
Military Medals
Sheet Music
Doll Clothes
Gems, Minerals
Belt Buckles
Airplane Photos
FBI Posters
Automobile Manuals
Antique Barbed Wire
Old Jewelry
Street Car Tokens
Fruit Jar Labels
Old Magazines
Gun Catalogs
Paper Currency
Cartoon Books
Theater Programs
Political Buttons
Baseball Cards
Children's Books
Stock Certificates
Indian Relics
Railroad Books
Fishing Licenses
Cigar Boxes
Comic Books
Old Calendars
Postcards
Arrowheads
Railroad Passes
Boat Photographs
Advertising Cards
Dog Pictures
Movie Magazines
Autographs
Dolls
Hunting Licenses
Valentines
Cookbooks
Beatles Items
Stamps
Old Toys
Menus
Maps
Thimbles
Train Photos
Newspapers
Diaries
Coins
Buttons

I would like to suggest that you send for sample copies of two magazines. They are read avidly by hobby dealers and hobby collectors alike:

THE ANTIQUE TRADER WEEKLY
Box 1050
Dubuque, IA 52001
THE COLLECTORS NEWS
Box 156
Grundy Center, IA 50638

Each of these publications contain around 70 or 80 pages of ads from dealers and collectors. Almost every hobby publication, large or small, if listed within its pages.

Once you have selected your field, start a file. Keep copies of all the ads selling your kind of merchandise. Also keep ads showing the dealers buying prices. If price lists are offered in ads, send for them and STUDY them. MAKE YOURSELF AN EXPERT IN YOUR FIELD.

Try to locate any publication that deals with your field. Often, you can locate small mimeographed publications and newsletters which will give you all kinds of useful information.

Your next step is to look for merchandise in your own community. Here are some suggestions:

Start by attending flea markets and antique shows. Don't be afraid to make inquiries of dealers. They often have what they consider junk stashed away, assuming that it isn't of much value to anyone. I once discovered a fabulous stamp collection that way!

Browse around through Thrift Shops.

Study the garage sale ads in your local newspaper. Visit any that sound promising. (Sometimes, it pays to telephone, they may be able to direct you to others who have exactly what you need!)

Place Wanted to Buy ads in your local Swapper's News, or your local newspaper. Be sure to list your phone number.

It is amazing what you can find in your local community if you work at it. However, if you can't find enough merchandise locally, run ads in the Collector's Magazines listed above. Their rates are very, very low. And you will soon discover that they are widely read!

Once you have accumulated a decent stock of merchandise, you are ready to begin selling it. If there are publications specializing in your field, by all means advertise there. You have a ready-made audience! Also run ads in the big hobby magazines.

Type up a list of what you have and have an Instant Printer make a hundred or so copies for you. Hobbyists don't mind typewritten, laser printer, or xerox copies - it's half the fun of collecting. Then run your ad. Your ad can merely offer your list to interested collectors free (or for a SASE, to weed out coupon clippers). Or you can offer to make a sale straight from the ad. If you do the latter, stick in your price list with the merchandise. It will be read...eagerly!

Here are a few sample ads run by hobby dealers for your consideration:

• Railroad Timetables, 1940's
  Four Different - $4.00 postpaid.
• Old Children's Books and Texts.
  #10 SASE for List.
• 85,000 Comic Books, Movie Magazines,
  Funnies, etc., 1900-1957. Catalog
  $1.00 (Refundable).
• Original Movie Posters, Pressbooks,
  Stills, 1919-1975. Catalog - $.50
• Sleigh Bells! SASE for list.

Just in case you are not familiar with the phrase, SASE means Self-addressed, stamped envelope. As you progress, you will learn continually. Most hobby dealers will tell you that they learn more from the collectors who buy from them than they could ever learn from any other source.

Below are some other hobby publications that may interest you. (At the time this article was written, these publicationswere available. However, we cannot guarantee that they are still in publication. There are several things you can do beforesending a letter or money to them. You can check your local library in the Index of Periodicals or a local book store may beable to verify current addresses for them. Good luck). You can write to these publications and request a sample copy. However, it would be a good idea to include postage when requesting copies from the publisher.

HOBBIES
1006 S. MICHIGAN AVE.
CHICAGO, IL 60605

THE AUTOGRAPH NEWS
7540 S. MEMORIAL PARKWAY
HUNTSVILLE, AL 35802

WESTERN STAMP COLLECTOR
BOX 10
ALBANY, OR 97321

COIN & STAMP TRADING NEWS
BOX 11101
SANTA ROSA, CA 95406

STAMPS MAGAZINE
153 WAVERLY PLACE
NEW YORK, NY 10014

LYNN'S WEEKLY STAMP NEWS
BOX 29
SIDNEY, OH 45365

DOLL CASTLE NEWS
BRASS CASTLE
WASHINGTON, NJ 07882

JESSIE'S HOMEMAKER
731 BLUE BELL STREET
FT. COLLINS, CO 80521

CANADIAN HOBBY SHOPPER
BOX 3382 - HALIFAX SOUTH, NS
CANADA B3J 3J1

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IN-HOUSE SOURCES

Before you think about a list of prospective customer names, you should first create a database for current customers' names and develop a mailing list. (Remember, your current customers are most likely to respond to your future offers.)

Finding the data to include on the customer portion of your mailing list can be fairly straightforward if you have your own in-house records. But even then you may have to develop more sources to obtain additional data about your customers.

Here are some of the in-house records you can use to develop your customer database:

Sales Receipts/Invoices/Order Forms:

These documents can give you the following information: date of last purchase, dates of all purchases over a period of time, and amount of money spent with you. You may also be able to determine what products/services were ordered from you. When using invoices to compile your customer list, be aware that in businesses they may be addressed to the Accounting Department rather than the individual/title most likely to purchase from you.

Especially if your customers are businesses, they may use two addresses. One is the Ship-to address, where ordered items are sent. The other is the Bill-to or Mail-to address, where invoices and catalogs are sent. Make sure you're using the correct address every time you correspond with the customer.

Shipping Records:

Shipping records can be an important source of customer names, particularly if your product is sold through a dealer or distributor, and you don't have direct access to customer order forms. Again, be aware that some customers may have different billing and shipping addresses.

Membership Lists:

Every organization is sure to have a list of its members. If your organization has several membership categories, this information should be associated with the member name when you add it to your list.

Registration Forms:

If your organization does not maintain a membership list, you may still be able to identify your customers from the registration forms and sign in sheets you use at your events. One approach to collecting names is to ask attendees to add their names to your mailing list.

Contest Entries:

The entry forms for a sweepstakes, contest, or raffle can be used effectively to get the names of your customer. This approach might be most useful if your organization lacks customer records because you provide your product or service free of charge.

OTHER SOURCES

Sometimes, your own records don't hold enough information about your customers or members. You may have to rely on other sources to capture additional database information:

Warranty Cards:

Warranty cards included in packages of merchandise can be an effective way to gather information about customers. On the card, you can request that the customer complete the demographic information and return it when he/she registers the product.

Surveys:

Phone or mail surveys are another way to gather (and later update) information on your customer database.

Phone surveys can be used in a number of different ways to collect database information. For example, you can call customers and administer full questionnaires to gather complete information about them. This can be a very costly way to collect data - especially for a large number of customer. Mail surveys (which will be discussed later) may be a better technique for this type of database information collection.

Phone surveys are useful if you are updating or adding single fields to your database. You may avoid the phone cost altogether by asking a few short questions each time a customer calls in - to place an order, get a price quote, etc.

Mail questionnaires can reach a larger number of customer at a lower cost than phone surveys. Mail questionnaires can be sent individually to customers. However, to save postage costs, surveys can also be inserted in mailings, included in packages of merchandise, or printed on any other correspondence with customers, such as invoices.

If you have a store or office, you can also conduct surveys by having customers fill out questionnaire cards when they visit.

Other sources you can use to build your list include:

• point of purchase questionnaires.
  
  
• membership application forms.
  
  
• questions on purchase orders, statements, invoices.
  
  

Your customer names are the core of your mailing list. This report has described some sources for collecting database information on current customers. You should consider every contact with a customer a potential source for collecting such information.

After you collect this information, you need ways to initially get it into your database and then to regularly make sure it's current and accurate. (Out-of-date, inaccurate mailing lists waste money and reduce results.) Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
If you need an online database just email us and let us know. Database prices start at $99.

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Opps! The link you followed may be inaccurate or outdated.NoneOpps! The link you followed may be inaccurate or outdated.NoneOpps! The link you followed may be inaccurate or outdated.NoneSmokers Beware!!Dr. Robert Osgoodby

By now, most people are well aware that smoking causes lung cancer. Cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and chewing tobacco kill more than 434,000 Americans each year accounting for one out of five premature deaths in this country. Lung cancer is just the first in a long list of tobacco related illnesses:

• Bladder Cancer - Smoking causes 40% of all cases of bladder cancer.
  
  
• Breast Cancer - Women who smoke are 75% more likely to develop breast cancer.
  
  
• Cervical Cancer - Up to one third of all cases of cervical cancer are directly attributable to smoking.
  
  
• Childhood Respiratory Ailments - Children exposed to parents tobacco smoke have six times as many respiratory infections as kids of nonsmoking parents.
  
  
• Diabetes - Smoking decreases the body's absorption of insulin.
  
  
• Emphysema - Smoking accounts for up to 85% of all deaths attributable to emphysema.
  
  
• Esophageal Cancer - Smoking accounts for 80% of all cases of esophageal cancer.
  
  
• Gastrointestinal Cancer - Smoking at least doubles the risk of cancer of the stomach and duodenum.
  
  
• Heart Disease - Smokers are up to four times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than nonsmokers.
  
  
• Infertility - Couples in which at least one member smokes are more than three times more likely to have trouble conceiving.
  
  
• Kidney Cancer - Smoking causes 40% of all cases of kidney cancer.
  
  
• Mouth Cancer - Tobacco causes the vast majority of all cancers of the mouth.
  
  
• Premature Aging - Constant exposure to tobacco smoke prematurely wrinkles the facial skin and yellows the teeth and fingernails.
  
  
• Stroke - Smoking doubles the risk of stroke among men and women.
  
  
• Throat Cancer - The vast majority of cases of pharyngeal cancer are directly related to smoking.
  
  

While smoking has officially been recognized as a cause of lung cancer, scientists have also confirmed another tobacco danger, that breathing the air containing someone else's smoke (second hand smoke) poses many of the same risk as smoking yourself.

Doctors and Scientists have been reporting on the dangers of tobacco and smoking for nearly four decades. Many serious illnesses are directly attributed to smoking. If you want to live a longer, healthier life quit smoking today!

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Dr. Osgoodby was a finalist in the EAS Body for Life Contest. Stop by his web page at http://bestbodyever.com to see his before and after pictures and subscribe to his monthly newsletter.

Get Back to BasicsDr. Robert Osgoodby

WARNING!! Always seek the advice of a Medical Doctor before starting, or making changes in your diet or exercise program.

If you want to build a strong healthy body, proper nutrition is a keystone for your success. What constitutes proper nutrition? Great question! Unfortunately for John Q. Public, the greatest challenge is not a lack of information, but too much information. If you study the experts you will find endless contradictions and false conclusions that create uncertainty, and leave most people confused and clueless. We are in an information frenzy that makes it hard to know which way to turn.

On any given day you can walk into a bookstore and find several books on the best-seller list, prescribing totally different solutions for proper nutrition. One expert tells you to cut out carbs, another tells you to eat more carbs, the next tells you to eat more protein, while another tells you to eat less protein.

With this nightmare of mixed messages, no wonder why millions of people are left in the dark on which plan to follow. This month's newsletter is dedicated to share some basic fundamental truths for optimal nutrition for decreasing body fat percentage, increasing energy and building muscle. Let's get started.

Don't Starve Yourself - This is one of the most common misconceptions and mistakes most people trying to lose weight make. If your trying to shed fat, drastically decreasing your caloric intake in an effort to lose weight or get cut is almost as destructive to achieving your goals as eating large amounts of ice cream and fried foods for every meal! Studies show this type of dieting actually decreases your basal metabolic rate, which is the last thing you want to do if you are looking to lose weight and decrease your body fat percentage. On this type of diet, most of the weight you lose is not fat - it's lean body mass. You are actually keeping your fat and burning your muscle!

Eat At Least Four Meals A Day - By eating four to six small healthy meals a day, properly spaced, you will burn fat at a faster rate. The traditional hree square meals is antiquated advice that will slow down your metabolism and increase body fat storage. Studies have shown, eating four to six small meals a day promotes optimum food absorption, stable blood-sugar levels, and increases your metabolic rate. A meal can be as simple as a serving of fruit or vegetables, a small baked potato, a cup of yogurt, or a meal replacement shake.

Monitor Your Portion Sizes - Instead of worrying about what ratio of protein, carbohydrates and fat you should be eating, concentrate on portion control. Most people's focus has been distorted by the huge emphasis placed on cutting fat intake. Fat is a necessary component in a healthy diet. The fact is, most people just eat too much. A good rule of thumb is that a portion should be no larger than your clenched fist.

Design An Eating Schedule - Most people eat when it's convenient, not on a schedule. This type of behavior slows your metabolism and sabotages your body transformation efforts. To get optimum results, you should eat four to six small meals a day, spread three to four hours apart. Your initial reaction to this principle may be there is no way this can be incorporated into your busy schedule. With a little bit of pre-planning and commitment, it can be done. You can cook up to one week's worth of food on the weekend and refrigerate and freeze it. Broil your chicken breasts, put them in a food storage bag and throw them in the refrigerator. Make a huge salad! Take your Tupperware out of storage and pack several small meals to take to work with you. Another thing you can do is make sure your cupboards and refrigerator are overflowing with quality sources of protein, carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables. This will also help you stick to the plan and not cheat during the week.

Drink 8 To 10 Glasses Of Water A Day - Believe it or not, water actually helps you control your appetite. If you find that a portion of food has not satisfied your hunger, drinking a large glass of water will help alleviate those nagging hunger pangs. The vast majority of your body is comprised of water. Water is an essential transport vehicle for an array of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. It also helps eliminate waste products in your body including uric acid, ammonia, and toxins. Another misconception is that if you are retaining water, you should decrease your water consumption. This is just not true. One of the best ways to get rid of water, is to drink more water. Just like starving yourself decreases your basal metabolic rate, water retention is another example of your body's survival mechanism.

If a golfer or football player's performance decreases, getting back to the basic fundamentals can help them regain their edge. The advice in this month's newsletter is simplistic and fundamental, but sometimes you have to go back to the basics to get back on track.

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Dr. Osgoodby was a finalist in the EAS Body for Life Contest. Stop by his web page at http://bestbodyever.com to see his before and after pictures and subscribe to his monthly newsletter.

Excuses, ExcusesDr. Robert Osgoodby

WARNING!! Always seek the advice of a Medical Doctor before starting, or making changes in your diet or exercise program.

In today's fast paced world, sometimes it can be challenging to find the time to get to the gym to workout. I am sure you have heard many people say, There just aren't enough hours in the day. The number one excuse for not training on a regular basis is not being able to find the time.

Ninety nine percent of all excuses are not valid! If you are serious about getting in shape, if it is a top priority, nothing will get in the way of you achieving your goal. If you want something bad enough, it is amazing what you will do to get it. Here are a few things you can do to eliminate the I don't have time excuse.

Get up an hour earlier, or stay up an hour later. Dedicate this extra hour of time to training and achieving your fitness goals. Fact: Most people spend more time sleeping than they need to. Eight or nine hours of sleep can be great, but by no means necessary to maintain your health and let you feel good.

Personally, I find it easier and more effective to get up an hour earlier and train first thing in the morning for two reasons. Training first thing in the morning increases your metabolism and keeps you burning calories at an increased rate throughout the day. Another great reason to train first thing is to eliminate the possibility of procrastination and blowing off a workout. By the end of the day, the last thing in the world you want to do after a long day of work and responsibility is workout. Getting your training in first thing will also increase your energy level and make you feel good about yourself. It gives you a sense of accomplishment which will help you tackle the rest of your day and insane schedule with a smile.

I am sure that at least one morning person reading this said to themselves, Get up an hour earlier, he must be out of his mind! Even if you get up half an hour earlier, this equates to three and a half hours of exercise time a week that you didn't have before. With only investing a half hour a day, you can get quick, noticeable results.

Put together a home exercise program for those days you just can't get to the gym. For about $150.00, you can buy some dumbbells, a bench, and a floor mat for abdominal training. Although you can not get as thorough a workout as you could in a health club - it's better than nothing! Herschel Walker, a pro football player, has one of the best physiques around and he has never touched a weight! His workout consists of push-ups, sit-ups, and cardiovascular exercise. You can get great results sticking to the basics. Remember, consistency and intensity are your key ingredients for success.

If money is an issue and you can't afford to buy the equipment mentioned above, all you need is a VCR. There are hundreds of great video tapes designed for toning, weight loss and fat burning. If you don't want to go to a gym, this allows you to exercise in the privacy and comfort of your own home.

All exercise video tapes are designed with music as a background. Music is a powerful tool when it comes to exercise. It lifts your spirits and increases your enthusiasm. Music also takes your mind off the clock and makes your workouts seem to go faster.

Exercise to music that you enjoy. If you like music from the 50's, 60's and 70's, Richard Simmons Sweating To The Oldies, or Cory Everson's Step In Time are great beginner level programs. If you like martial arts and self defense, purchase a tae bo tape.

If you are in decent shape, semi-coordinated and like today's dance music, you can choose from several of MTV's The Grind Workout Hip Hop Aerobics, Paula Abdul's, Get Up And Dance, Milo Levell's Hip Hop Body Shop, Kathy Smith's Latin Rhythm Workout, or Christy Lane's Funky Freestyle Dancing.

If you have two left feet like me, you will quickly be able to master Denise Austin's Xtralite Beginner's Aerobics.

All of these tapes and hundreds more are available for sale at most music and major department stores. If you want to check out a tape before you buy it, most of these video tapes can also be rented at your local video store.

Incorporating these simple principles into your daily routine will make it much easier for you to stick to the program, improve your health, and move closer to your fitness goals.

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Dr. Osgoodby was a finalist in the EAS Body for Life Contest. Stop by his web page at http://bestbodyever.com to see his before and after pictures and subscribe to his monthly newsletter.

Avoiding The Common MistakesDr. Robert Osgoodby

WARNING!! Always seek the advice of a Medical Doctor before starting, or making changes in your diet or exercise program.

On any given day, you can walk into any gym and find well-intentioned, but frustrated members. No matter what exercise program they try, they can't seem to achieve their goals. Some have gotten positive results for awhile, but have flatlined and just can't seem to get off a plateau. If you are serious enough to dedicate your valuable time to improve your health and appearance, then make it count and get the maximum return from the time you are investing. If you avoid the following common mistakes, you will have a much better chance of building the physique you desire.

Too Much Time Between Sets - Most people socialize far too much in the gym. If you want to socialize at the gym, do it after you finish your workout. Make your lips the last muscle group you train. Unless you are a powerlifter, you should never let the muscle group fully recover between sets. A good rule of thumb for minor exercises (ex. bicep curls, calf raises, tricep extensions) is 60 seconds of rest between sets. For major exercises like squats, 90-120 seconds may be necessary.

Trying To Reduce Fat In A Certain Area - I know men who do endless sit-ups to burn the fat in their abdominal area to get that six pack of abs and get rid of those love handles. I receive e-mail from women who want to get rid of unwanted fat in their legs, rear-end and arms, and think the solution is increased weight training for that particular body part. You can not spot reduce bodyfat. To get positive results, you need to reduce your bodyfat throughout your entire body. You can not pick and choose. To reach your goals you need a balanced program of weight training, proper diet and cardiovascular exercise. As you decrease your overall bodyfat percentage, your problem areas will improve.

To Gain Size And Muscularity, You Must Stick With Free Weights - This is a common misconception. Barbells and dumbbells are a staple for increasing muscularity, but by all means complement them with machines. Machines and cable exercises allow you to specifically concentrate on certain areas of a muscle group, and significantly decrease your risk of injury.

Rushing Through A Set - A classic example that comes to mind is the young novice trying to show off on the bench press. With no form, rhyme or reason, he bounces the weight off his chest fast and furiously. Other than increasing your chances of injury, this serves no purpose. By slowing down the pace and concentrating on muscle contraction and form, you will get the maximum return from your weight training and significantly decrease your chances of injury.

Doing The Same Old Routine - One of the main reasons people plateau is they do not shake things up a little. By doing the same thing day after day, your muscles adapt to the routine and you will stop making gains. Mix things up by adding in new exercises, switching exercise order, and varying the amount of weight and the number of repetitions in a set. Changing your routine will shock your muscle groups and help prevent stagnation.

More Is Better - For a large muscle group like your chest, you may do 12 sets to muscle failure. If you train your triceps after chest, they are already pre-fatigued from your chest exercises. All you really need is 6-9 sets to properly finish off your triceps. Two or three exercises, three sets each is plenty. Anything more is over training which increases your chances of injury and slows your progress.

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Dr. Osgoodby was a finalist in the EAS Body for Life Contest. Stop by his web page at http://bestbodyever.com to see his before and after pictures and subscribe to his monthly newsletter.

Most smokers sincerely want to quit. They know cigarettes threaten their health, set a bad example for their children, annoy their acquaintances and cost an inordinate amount of money.

Nobody can force a smoker to quit. It's something each person has to decide for himself/herself, and will require a personal commitment by the smoker. What kind of smoker are you? What do you get out of smoking? What does it do for you? It is important to identify what you use smoking for and what kind of satisfaction you feel that you are getting from smoking.

Many smokers use the cigarette as a kind of crutch in moments of stress or discomfort, and on occasion it may work; the cigarette is sometimes used as a tranquilizer. But the heavy smoker, the person who tries to handle severe personal problems by smoking heavily all day long, is apt to discover that cigarettes do not help him/her deal with his/her problems effectively.

When it comes to quitting, this kind of smoker may find it easy to stop when everything is going well, but may be tempted to start again in a time of crisis. Physical exertion, eating, drinking, or social activity in moderation may serve as useful substitutes for cigarettes, even in times of tension. The choice of a substitute depends on what will achieve the same effects without having any appreciable risk.

Once a smoker understands his/her own smoking behavior, he will be able to cope more successfully and select the best quitting approaches for himself/herself and the type of life-style he leads.

Because smoking is a form of addiction, 80 percent of smoker who quit usually experience some withdrawal symptoms. These may include headache, light-headedness, nausea, diarrhea, and chest pains. Psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, short-term depression, and inability to concentrate, may also appear. The main psychological symptom is increased irritability. People become so irritable, in fact, that they say they feel like killing somebody. Yet there is no evidence that quitting smoking leads to physical violence.

Some people seem to lose all their energy and drive, wanting only to sleep. Others react in exactly the opposite way, becoming so over energized they can't find enough activity to burn off their excess energy. For instance, one woman said she cleaned out all her closets completely and was ready to go next door to start on her neighbor's. Both these extremes, however, eventually level off. The symptoms may be intense for two or three days, but within 10 to 14 days after quitting, most subside. The truth is that after people quit smoking, they have more energy, they generally will need less sleep, and feel better about themselves.

Quitting smoking not only extends the ex-smoker's life, but adds new happiness and meaning to one's current life. Most smokers state that immediately after they quit smoking, they start noticing dramatic differences in their overall health and vitality.

Quitting is beneficial at any age, no matter how long a person has been smoking. The mortality ratio of ex-smoker decreases after quitting. If the patient quits before a serious disease has developed, his/her body may eventually be able to restore itself almost completely.

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When someone is injured or suddenly becomes ill, there is usually a critical period before you can get medical treatment and it is this period that is of the utmost importance to the victim. What you do, or what you don't do, in that interval can mean the difference between life and death. You owe it to yourself, your family and your neighbors to know and to understand procedures that you can apply quickly and intelligently in an emergency.

Every household should have some type of first aid kit, and if you do not already have one, assemble your supplies now. Tailor the contents to fit your family's particular needs. Don't add first aid supplies to the jumble of toothpaste and cosmetics in the medicine cabinet. Instead, assenble them in a suitable, labeled box (such as a fishing tackle box or small tool chest with hinged cover), so that everything will be handy when needed. Label everything in the kit clearly, and indicate what it is used for.

Be sure not to lock the box - otherwise you may be hunting for the key when that emergency occurs. Place the box on a shelf beyond the reach of small children, and check it periodically and always restock items as soon as they are used up.

Keep all medications, including non-prescription drugs such as aspirin, out of reach of children. When discarding drugs, be sure to dispose of them where they cannot be retrieved by children or pets.

When an emergency occurs, make sure the injured victim's airway is not blocked by the tongue and that the mouth is free of any secretions and foreign objects. It is extremely important that the person is breathing freely. And if not, you need to administer artificial respiration promptly.

See that the victim has a pulse and good blood circulation as you check for signs of bleeding. Act fast if the victim is bleeding severely or if he/she has swallowed poison or if his/her heart or breathing has stopped. Remember every second counts.

Although most injured persons can be safely moved, it is vitally important not to move a person with serious neck or back injuries unless you have to save him/her from further danger. Keep the patient lying down and quiet. If he/she has vomited and there is no danger that his/her neck is broken, turn him/her on his/her side to prevent choking and keep him/her warn by covering him/her with blankets or coats.

Have someone call for medical assistance while you apply first aid. The person who summons help should explain the nature of the emergency and ask what should be done pending the arrival of the ambulance. Reassure the victim, and try to remain calm yourself. Your calmness can allay the fear and panic of the patient.

Don't give fluids to an unconscious or semi conscious person; fluids may enter his/her windpipe and cause suffocation. Don't try to arouse an unconscious person by slapping or shaking.

Look for an emergency medical identification card or an emblematic device that the victim may be wearing to alert you to any health problems, allergies or diseases that may require special care.

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What is Good HealthThomas Eldridge

There are many ideas, and opinions, on what constitutes good health, orwhat a meaningfully healthy lifestyle feels like or looks like. It could besaid that health should be a natural condition, or at least a consistent stateof well being. But what is this natural condition? There are some peoplewho accept pain and discomfort in the body as a necessary part of living. This pain is considered to be a motivator, something for the body to fightagainst. They accept this condition because they observe that there areso many people with health complaints and so few people free of problems. It is even taken for granted today that dying of a degenerative disease isacceptable if the person had led a 'good life'.

My parents both died of cancerous type diseases. I seem to be the onlyone who is not saying, but they 'lived a full life'. Keep in mind that I amthe one nobody can understand. I am not quite the black sheep. I am thedifferent one who stopped eating sugar thirty years ago. No one couldunderstand why I would go to so much trouble to read food product labelstrying to find something that did not contain sugar. Today it is manytimes worse because of all the sugar substitutes in our food products. If Iwere reading labels today I would choose sugar before the sugar substitutes ifI had no other choice. My choice today is to not buy any processed foodproducts. I believe that my continuing good health depends on me makingmy own food from simple organic ingredients. I seldom read food labelsthese days because I buy very little with a label on it.

Is good health some sort of perfection? In homeopathy good health issaid to manifest when a person's vital force is being expressed by perfectfunctioning of all parts of the body and by a sense of general wellbeing. This holistic approach to health states that nature, of which we are animportant part, has a constant tendency toward what is best for it. This vital force of nature reaches its masterpiece in the human body and thehuman consciousness. Harvey Diamond in his part of the book Fit forLife II: Living Health states that humans are constructed for health andhappiness. Life on earth lived in its ultimate achievement is aconstant and unshakeable zest for well being and enthusiasm, says Diamond. I havea lot of respect for the diet that the Diamonds recommended. It still isan excellent diet for cleansing out toxins. I am not a great fan of beingall that you can be, going for it all or pursuing excellence as a lifestyle. To me this is a short road to burn out and premature grey hair. I wasunconsciously going for it all in my younger years. I worked very hard. I cannot say that I experienced good health or happiness back then.

If we wanted this 'ultimate achievement' of good health our goal would beto reach old age and maturity without aches and pains, to be well-balancedand spared emotional traumas and stress-related illnesses. To have zest forlife we would wish to be like the beaming, healthy-looking 90-year-oldsfeatured in vegetarian magazine articles. Working out at the fitnessclub at 91 years of age could demonstrate the principle that the bestcondition for the body is resilience and flexibility. To take up piano lessons at83 years might demonstrate an absence of constricting contractions in bodyand mind. The problem is that we tend to extrapolate these stories intobelieving that this example of 'good health' is the best way to go. Pushing yourself into the gym when you are exhausted and should be resting isnot good health.

It seems apparent to me that for millions of years people lived in somesort of harmony with the natural forces of nature. Good health was some sortof consistent state of being. Otherwise, how would we be here? If we werealways in poor health for millions of years I cannot see how we wouldhave survived. A long time ago the dinosaurs disappeared suddenly. Todayspecies of plants and animals are becoming extinct at an acceleratingrate. Throughout history at least some of us must have maintained aninstinctive natural knowledge about how to live healthily enough to allow our speciesto continue. How we are doing today is a mute question. Are we going tocontinue to survive or is our current acceptance of sub-marginal healtha sign of something?

Perhaps it is time to take a look at what this instinctive naturalknowledge of good health might look like in our modern culture. I feel that it isnot that much different than it has been for millions of years. This'knowledge' probably includes simple things like sunshine, pure water,sleeping when the sun sets, relying on wholesome foods from nature,having daily alone time in the outdoors and living physically active lives incommunities of loving supportive people.

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Thomas Eldridge is the founder and director of The Center for Highly Sensitive People. The motto of the Center is 'Sensitivities are a Blessing, Not a Weakness'. You can find more information at http://www.thomaseldridge.com. If you enjoyed this article you can go to http://www.thomaseldridge.com/email.htm and subscribe to a weekly email newsletter of similar articles. You can contact the author directly at thomas@thomaseldridge.com.

Alzheimer's Disease is the term used to describe a dementing disorder marked by certain brain changes, regardless of the age of onset. Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of aging - - and it is not something that inevitable happens in later life. Rather, it is one of the dementing disorders, a group of brain diseases that lead to the loss of mental and physical functions. The disorder, whole cause is unknown, affects a small but significant percentage of older Americans. A very small minority of alzheimer's patients are under 50 years of age. However, most are over 65.

Alzheimer's disease is the exception, rather than the rule, in old age. Only 5 to 6 percent of older people are afflicted by alzheimer's disease or a related dementia - - but this means approximately 3 to 4 million Americans have one of these debilitating disorders. Research indicates that 1 percent of the population aged 65-75 has severe dementia, increasing to 7 percent of those aged 75-85 and to 25 percent of those 85 or older. As out population ages and the number of alzheimer's patients increases, costs of care will rise as well.

Although Alzheimer's disease is not yet curable or reversible, there are ways to alleviate symptoms and suffering and to assist families. And not every person with this illness must necessarily move to a nursing home. Many thousands of patients - - especially those in the early stages of the disease - - are cared for by their families in the community. Indeed, one of the most important aspects of medical management is family education and family support services. When, or whether, to transfer a patient to a nursing home is a decision to be carefully considered by the family.

The onset of Alzheimer's disease is usually very slow and gradual, seldom occurring before age 65. Over time, however, it follows a progressively more serious course. Among the symptoms that typically develop, none is unique to Alzheimer's disease at its various stages. It is therefore essential for suspicious changes to be thoroughly evaluated before they become inappropriately or negligently labeled Alzheimer's disease.

Problems of memory, particularly recent or short-term memory, are common early in the course of the disease. For example, the individual may, on repeated occasions, forget to turn off the iron or may not recall which of the morning's medicines were taken. Mild personality changes, such as less spontaneity or a sense of apathy and a tendency to withdraw from social interactions, may occur early in the illness. As the disease progresses, problems in abstract thinking or in intellectual functioning develop. You may notice the individual beginning to have trouble with figures when working on bills, with understanding what is being read, or with organizing the days work. Further disturbances in behavior and appearance may also be seen at this point, such as agitation, irritability, quarrelsomeness, and diminishing ability to dress appropriately.

The average course of the disease from the time it is recognized to death is about 6 to 8 years, but it may range from under 2 years to over 20 years. Those who develop the disorder later in life may die from other illnesses (such as heart disease) before Alzheimer's disease reaches its final and most serious stage.

The reaction of an individual to the illness and the way he or she copes with it also varies and may depend on such factors as lifelong personality patterns and the nature and severity of the stress in the immediate environment.

As research on Alzheimer's disease continues, scientists are now describing other abnormal chemical changes associated with the disease. These include nerve cell degeneration in certain areas of the brain. Also, defects in certain blood vessels supplying blood to the brain have been studied as a possible contributing factor.

There is no way at the present time to determine who may get Alzheimer's disease. The main risk factor for the disease is increased age. The rates of the disease increase markedly with advancing age, with 25 percent of people over 85 suffering from Alzheimer's or other sever dementia.

Other things often noticeable may be depression, severe uneasiness, and paranoia or delusions that accompany or result from the disease, but they can often be alleviated by appropriate treatments.

Alzheimer's disease has emerged as one of the great mysteries in modern day medicine, with a growing number of clues but still no answers as to its cause. Researchers have come up with a number of theories about the cause of this disease but so far the mystery remains unresolved.

Because of the many other disorders that are often confused with Alzheimer's disease, a comprehensive clinical evaluation is essential to arrive at a correct diagnosis of any symptoms that look similar to those of Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, the family physician can be consulted about the best way to get the necessary examinations.

Stress on the family can take a toll on both the patient and the caregiver alike. Caregivers are usually family members - - either spouses or children - - and usually wives and daughters. As time passes and the burden mounts, it not only places the mental health of family caregivers at risk. It also diminishes their ability to provide care to the diseased patient. Hence, assistance to the family as a whole must be considered.

As the disease progresses, families experience increasing anxiety and pain at seeing unsettling changes in a loved one, and they commonly feel guilt over not being able to do enough. The prevalence of reactive depression among family members in this situation is disturbingly high - - caregivers are chronically stressed and are much more likely to suffer from depression than the average person. If caregivers have been forced to retire from positions outside the home. They feel progressively more isolated and no longer productive members of society.

The likelihood, intensity, and duration of depression among caregivers can all be lowered through available interventions. For example, to the extent that family members can offer emotional support to each other and perhaps seek professional consultation, they will be better prepared to help their loved one manage the illness and to recognize the limits of what they themselves can reasonably do.

Though Alzheimer's disease cannot at present be cured, reversed, or stopped in its progression, much can be done to help both the patient and the family live through the course of the illness with greater dignity and less discomfort. Toward this goal, appropriate clinical interventions and community services should be vigorously sought.

While Alzheimer's disease remains a mystery, with its cause and cure not yet found, there is considerable excitement and hope about new findings that are unfolding in numerous research settings. The connecting pieces to the puzzle called Alzheimer's disease continue to be found.

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DepressionJoan-Marie Moss

If you're not suffering from depression yourself, chances are that anywhere from 15 to 50 of every hundred people you know are. It is an insidious illness that sucks an individual further and further into a state of impotence and at the same time impacts the well-being of everyone who comes in contact with him/her. The numbers offered here are somewhat ambiguous because depression is only recently recognized as a real illness and not a figment of one's imagination.

Diane, who has been suffering from depression for more than eleven years, is one of those who are willing to talk about her illness. She says, Most people are still very much surprised that I admit and am willing to talk openly about my depression. There is still a stigma associated with the disease. People still don't understand. For this reason, we won't use real names in this article although the people who shared their stories are very real.

Incidences of this illness are staggering. An estimated 10-14 million Americans suffer from depression, according to a recent article in the Alliance for the Mentally Ill publication. Other estimates range as high as 35-40 million.

No one is immune from an attack of depression. Keep in mind that everyone feels down or lue at times. That's normal. But it's been estimated that 26 out of 100 women and 12 out of every 100 men will have a major depressive episode at least once in their lives. For creative individuals the estimate increases to 38 out of 100.

Statistics can be deceiving and any attempt to quantify this disease could be challenged. Particularly since, according to the Alliance for Mentally Ill, we're talking about those who are only now beginning to and seek help -- 80 % of those suffering from depression never seek treatment and suffer needlessly.

DuPage County is not immune. In fact, Dr. Martin Russo, a physician working with Central DuPage Hospital with offices in Bloomingdale, reports that easily forty to fifty percent of his patients are suffering from depression. Social workers and doctors throughout the county report similar statistics.

For this article only the most conservative numbers will be used. The indication, then, is that at least 150 out of every thousand suffer from this debilitating disease. In DuPage County, Illinois that translates to more than of 132,000 -- in Elmhurst, approximately 6,300 people -- live with some level of depression.

THE HUMAN FACTOR

Sondra Dodds at Family Service DuPage in Wheaton, IL says that those who are depressed often feel isolated and alone, different and unusual, misunderstood by family and friends, powerless and defeated. Many also feel the need to hide their real feelings, even from those they love. Those who are more willing to share their experiences share many common experiences although each case is dramatically different.

They share a common bond. They live in a no-man's land that's sapping the community of its most valuable resource...competent contributing citizens. They don't choose to live there. And they can't will to get out of there without help.

An insidious disease, depression is multi-faceted. The onset and the symptoms of depression are not always the same. Frequently depression is an outward manifestation of undetected physical illnesses such as cancer.

For some the disease can be traced to low self esteem; for others to excessive drain on their physical health and energy or chronic illnesses; for others to abnormally high levels of stress-related life experiences; for others realization that life is passing them by and their goals will never be reached.

In all instances the illness points to imbalances: physical, mental and spiritual. A depressive illness is a whole-body illness involving your body, mood, thoughts and behavior. It's not just a passing bout with he blues. You cannot will or wish it away.

Rose had frightening bouts with burning sensation in all parts of her body. It was as if her stomach, head, nerves were all aflame. Katherine began to withdraw from friends and acquaintances.

One Elmhurst resident tells of his experiences, I felt helpless and unable to cope with every day stresses. I saw myself as worthless as a part of the community I worked for. Frequently I entertained thoughts that my family would be better off if I just disappeared or died. I knew I was on a self destruct kick...ignoring my health, setting myself up for failure in my job and getting myself in no- win situations. The harder I tried, the worse things got in my life. I saw myself reacting to even the simplest setbacks with uncontrollable rage.

Anna, who has been treated both in and out of the hospital for depression said, Over the years, I've seen a big change in the people who are suffering depression. They're getting much younger now and they are filled with anger.

Some deal with the constant sensation that they are ot connected with the rest of the world and unimportant. For yet others, the illness may just hover at the point where there's a gnawing stomach ache and the constant knowledge that something just isn't right. Nearly all report that their level of productivity fell dramatically. Many find that they just can't attend to the task at hand. In the worst case scenario, suicide seems to offer the only way out.

The bad news is depression renders a person unable to cope adequately with life events and, frequently, it goes undiagnosed for months -- even years -- because the victim generally blames him or herself for uncontrollable problems and their inability to function in a reasonable manner. It's a vicious downward spiral that sucks its victim into a hopeless pit of despair.

IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY

While many manage to function at some level of competence, their difficulties connecting and attending to task often limit them to minimum-wage positions although they may, under normal circumstances, be highly competent workers.

Heddi reports that her income dropped from nearly $3,000 per month to less than $800 a month while she was working much longer hours. A significant number of others have found themselves homeless. Evidence of this can be seen at the DuPage PADS site, where a striking number of clients are middle-management professionals who have lost their jobs.

The June 1995 county reports indicate that there are just over 884,000 people in DuPage County. Of those, the Labor force in DuPage numbers 492,169. If we calculate just 15% of those and figured that 73,800 people lost just $10,000 in earnings during the course of a year due to depression we're talking about the kind of losses that would be considered intolerable in business.

It's a vicious cycle. Stress, illness or financial difficulties strike sapping the individual and breeding a sense of hopelessness which aggravates the situation. Meanwhile, the sufferer must cope with others who are frequently equally depressed and stressed with their own problems. At the same time they have to deal with others who haven't the foggiest clue about what severe depression does to a person. In all cases misunderstanding and the inability to communicate the real pain lead to further hopelessness.

Stress continues to build in today's society where people dealing with stressful situations attempt to find solutions. When people dealing with any kind of stress or depression try to resolve difficulties or get answers to problems and get trapped into voice mail and mechanical phone menus or are put on waiting lists. When they feel treated like number, taken advantage of or overwhelmed constantly by circumstances they can't change, depression mounts.

In a society where both parents in a dual income family may hold down two or more jobs just to keep the bills paid, a person's value is equated with how much money they bring into the household rather than unconditional love and appreciation. One, or both, can slip easily into depression. The situation is much worse for single heads of households.

Barbara Hayes, a Family Service DuPage Licensed Clinical Social Worker, believes that ole strain is a major contributing factor in the higher incidence of depression in women. Not only are women parenting or grandparenting a younger generation, while, frequently caring for elderly parents; but, they are also required to cope with the challenges of maintaining a certain level of career growth in an uncertain economy -- frequently as sole support of their entire family structure. To meet the demands of each of these roles, a woman must maintain an exterior facade of strength. For many there is precious little time for attending to personal needs. All too frequently, functioning on far too little sleep and nutritious food, they cave in.

Meanwhile, the media, particularly women's magazines, focus on introspection, self analysis, poise and youthful figures, mounting anxiety, anger and insecurities. At the same time they juxtapose these weaknesses that turn us inward upon ourselves, with idealistic reports of the affluent life that many of the population will never achieve.

IT'S NOT A CASE OF BUZZ WORDS

Depression is not a new disease of the 20th century. Sufferers are among the elite. Abraham Lincoln, Winston Churchill, Edgar Allen Poe, Mike Wallace, Joan Rivers and Dick Cavett are among the many who have been afflicted.

Indications are that those who are more sensitive, creative and intelligent are more prone to suffering from depression. One study performed in the '80s found that 38% of 47 writers, poets and artists had taken medication, sought psychoanalysis or had been institutionalized for depression and bi-polar disorder. Another study performed in the 80's showed that more creative people suffered from emotional strife synonymous with certain neurosis. (Time-Life Books, 1992)

THE GOOD NEWS

Although the problem appears to be hopeless, there is good news. If you're going to have an illness, you want it to be depression. It's the most easily treatable.

The afflicted needs to work at getting back in balance. Professional counseling, support groups and the medical profession are learning to work together to speed recovery.

The medication is a critical aspect of treatment. The new drugs are marvelous even with the occasional discomfort of side effects. They work to re-balance the synapses that are responsible for the transmission of brain impulses.

Social workers and psychiatrists, too are much more skilled at identifying symptoms today than ever. Group counseling, support groups and crisis lines are more accessible. There's help and information out there for those who have the courage and determination to find it.

Much of the work, says Barbara Hayes, a licensed clinical social worker who oversees a 12-session group that's been running throughout the summer at Family Service DuPage, focuses on teaching cognitive reasoning techniques. Those who participate in this therapy learn to evaluate the validity of their thought processes and to recognize distorted thinking patterns. Then they learn to restructure their thought processes more positively and realistically. It's a sort of de-programming that allows individuals to discover that there are other ways to look at one's life experiences. Hayes has found this kind of therapy most productive when participants have the appropriate medical support. She assures her patients that using medication is not wimping out. Trying to pull yourself out of depression without the proper medical attention just doesn't work, she says. It's like a diabetic telling his pancreas to shoot insulin into his system, she says.

Unfortunately current health care programs, both private insurance and public aid, put unrealistic limits on treatment. All too often they cut short coverage long before the patient is able to cope without the medication and psychological support. When this happens they hamstring the health care providers, said Rose. It's not at all uncommon for these programs to cut off the payment for medication and counseling sessions just about the time a patient starts to show some progress and before the patient is sufficiently recovered. The only recourse in cases like that, short of going cold turkey, is to get on a waiting list for services that are offered on a sliding scale fee. All too often the patient is not financially able to handle that.

Fortunately it's the patient who does the real work of recovery. Those who discover that they control of their own destiny have the greatest hope of recovery. They can then learn how to maintain balance in their lives and their habits. They practice being less compulsive nurturers. They begin to trust themselves and be a bit more open with others. They learn to maintain a childlike attitude of gratitude and wonderment. And, they learn to be less sensitive to outside turmoil.

One of the key ingredients to healing lies in getting away from introspection and self-centeredness and to reach out to others. Those who have been afflicted and have made the most progress typically have found ways to give of themselves to others less fortunate or to share their unique talents with the community...the challenge being that a person who is severely depressed has great difficulty breaking through his/her feelings of isolation.

One group of women developed a phone network that they said was particularly helpful. One of the women is dealing with a pregnant teenager, another with a financial problems, a third with the death of a mother and a fourth with an overbearing aging mother. These women discovered that being able to pick up the phone and connect with someone who they knew would understand helped to speed recovery. In short order, often a matter of minutes, they managed to break the downward spiral of day-to-day crises. These calls provided the ladies a life-line that they turn to before the crisis could escalate. Most often within a very few minutes, they found they could put the experience into perspective and they'd find themselves laughing. And therein they found a cure, because you simply can't be depressed and laugh at the same time.

Dr. Russo's findings confirm that depression is indeed a multi-factorial disease that encompasses genetic, biological and environmental factors. He voices the concerns of many when he says, The reason that depression is so pervasive is that society is losing its sense of security and moral fiber in both the family and in the community. As it's losing its fiber we're losing our sense of purpose and personal value. At the same time we need to look at the spiritual component that gives us a sense of wholeness and peace when looking for solutions.

Those who understand depression agree, with Heddi, I need people, but I need people that I can be myself with. And, I need to find a way to make sense out of the madness I face every day I walk out my front door. When things get off balance, I need to make some changes. Alone I can't do it.

NOTE: Although most of the quotes here are those of women, the situation is far from a woman's problem. Women are simply more susceptible to depression. Role strain is a factor, according to Barbara Hayes. We are more aware of depression than we were in the past, but there are more stresses in society today for women to fulfill multiple roles. They make very heavy demands upon themselves. Women traditionally are the nurturers and very often in the process of nurturing others they forget to nurture themselves....as a result, at some point, people just start caving in.

The experts tell us that women today suffer twice as much depression as men. While one in four women can expect to develop depression during their lifetime, one in eight men can, too.

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JOAN-MARIE MOSS is a non-fiction author published in both national and regional markets. She specializes in business communications and public relations for businesses and professionals. She serves as consultant and communications/public relations specialist offering a full range of services from writing to desktop publishing and public speaking. Joan-Marie teaches Business Writing, Copyediting and Public Relations at Oakton Community college and has been guest speaker on WWCN and WDCB Radio. She currently writes for the Daily Herald and Press Publications, and is working on her second book.

Visit her web site at: http://cyberrealm.net/
~joanmari/CreativeOptions/Welcome.html

Natural CyclesSamten Williams, B.S.N., R.N.

The top income, the best job title: these markers are no longer the standard of success. So reports CNBC's show Power Lunch recently. This show reviewed results of a survey indicating the top priority for business school graduates now is a balance between family life and work.

Natural cycles awareness helps us get on the balanced-life track. This month we look at one part of natural timing, the retrograde motion of planets.

As viewed from earth, the planets sometimes appear to be traveling backward. This backward travel, called retrograde motion, is a phenomena recognized in both astronomy and astrology.

Retrograde motions are about patience. They are times when our plans to go forward are halted. Retrograde periods are times to bring play and family into the forefront of our lives. During retrograde periods we are reworking plans. We are going backward to get something we overlooked -- an idea, an opportunity. These kinds of creative discoveries are best realized through the spontaneity of play and the supportive comfort of family and friends.

Mercury, one of the planets in our solar system, goes retrograde three times a year. Energetically, Mercury is associated with communication, technology, and things which are mechanical. Retrograde periods of Mercury are the times when miscommunications, delays, or technical and mechanical challenges seem prevalent.

Just picture it: energy is trying to go backward and we are trying to go forward. Something has to give. You can guess it is not going to be the planet that gives, in this case Mercury. The planet is going to go it's way. We can either be aggravated, impatient, frustrated. Or, we can stop and reassess.

With knowledge of Mercury retrograde periods we can stop personalizing delays. We can start cushioning expectations, knowing we can only go so far when the motion is not forward. We can take the pressure off of over-work and bring in a little play.

Mercury turned retrograde on April 14. On May 8 1997, Mercury turns in a forward motion again. The point where Mercury turned retrograde on April 14 is called a station. Mercury passes this station on May 26. For the three week period when Mercury is retrograde one may expect natural delays and possible communication, technological or mechanical challenges. When Mercury turns direct on May 8 these matters start to clear up. When Mercury passes it's station on May 26 one can expect forward motion in the areas of communication and technology.

We have another retrograde energy we are dealing with now, Mars retrograde. Mars is the planet of drive and initiative. Many people have been experiencing delays in their work and the forward motion of projects.

On February 6 of this year Mars turned retrograde. Mars turns direct on April 29. On July 2, Mars passes it's station, the point where it turned retrograde in early February. During this Mars retrograde period we have the opportunity to come to a deeper sense of what energizes us -- what we want. As plans are delayed we keep refining them. After April 29, and especially after July 2, we will start to feel forward momentum again. This motion forward is in the areas of our personal power within business and relationships.

How can planetary motion possibly affect my business? is a question I am sure some readers will ask. The new physics teaches us gravity is not the only force in nature. Through electromagnetism and strong and weak forces the new physics tells us that everything in nature is interconnected. As above, so below.

Paying attention to the information of natural cycles helps us feel part of, rather than separate from, the fluid movement of energy. We can move with the natural clock, rather than against it. Check out the events of your life in relation to the dates mentioned above. See if there are links. If you do not see a match, that is fine, too. No one world view is for everyone.

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Samten Williams, B.S.N. R.N., is a nurse journalist and astrologer. Through hercompany FRESH PERSPECTIVES she offers writings, consultations, andworkshops on the applications of astrology for intuitive living. She can bereached at P.O. Box 76 Boxford MA 01921
http://www.shore.net/~samten
samten@shore.net

What You Should Know About LeadSheila Saucier

Lead, the toxic metal known to be harmful to man, has been sneakingunoticed into the bloodstreams of millions of Americans over many years.It seeps insidiously into our water risking the lives of our unborn and ourchildren, often going unnoticed until it's too late. It enters our homeson the feet of every occupant, picked up from the soil outside. It can cover the work clothes of mechanics, plumbers, lead smelter workers, and other high risk occupations. The same clothes that we wash along with our children's clothes, unknowingly endangering them.

Lead is an invisible enemy, often in the form of simple dust thatenters our home. Dust that can be both inhaled or ingested especially by young children who tend to put everything in their mouths.

In other words lead poisoning is still a very real threat present inour environment, damaging the brains and nervous system of many of it's victims, the majority of which are children.

Of great concern is our water supply. The EPA (EnvironmentalProtection Agency) estimates that about forty two million Americans use household water that contains unsafe levels of lead. Precisely, levels in excess of 15 ppb (parts per billion), which is the highest recommended safety level. However, there is no truly safe level of lead, because it does not belong in the human body, and it does not leave our bodies once it has entered. Instead, it is stored just like calcium and other minerals in the bone matter where it continues to build up over our lifetime.

It's no wonder that as many as one out of eleven children in theUnited States have dangerously high levels of lead in their bloodstream according to the EPA. Some other sources suggest this number is as great as one in eight children!

As hard as this is to believe, the facts are very real. Lead isdecreasing the I.Q.'s of many young victims, creating learningdisabilities, such as speech and behavior problems, not to mention hearing loss, muscular coordination problems, and much more.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that regular leadscreening should be done on children up to age six, with the first testdone between six to twelve months of age. However, it has been my personalexperience that Pediatricians are not routinely checking for lead inchildren. Certainly none have ever suggested it to me, and my childrenhave seen a dozen different Pediatrician's over the years.

It appears that few people really believe their families are at riskand feel their homes are safe. The reality is however, that your home's water probably does contain lead in some amount, and in fact, an estimated 10 million children receive significantly high amounts of lead in theirdrinking water in our country every day.

Following are some other common sources of lead.

bone china

crystal

painted surfaces

brass faucets

painted toys

antique pewter

foreign made crayons

ammunition, pellets

chalk

fruits

air

water

porcelain

earthenware

plastic mini-blinds

solder

stained glass

storage batteries

gasoline additives

water pipe corrosion

water pipe solder

vegetables

soil

dust

Today experts regard soldering as the major cause of lead contamination ofhousehold water in U.S. homes. New brass faucets and fittings can alsoleach lead during corrosion, even though they claim to be lead free.

It's sad to note that the newer the home, the greater the risk of leadcontamination. Why? Because normally, as time passes, mineral depositsform a coating on the inside of water pipes, (if the water is not corrosive.) This coating insulates the water from the lead-containing solder present. But during the first five years, before the coating forms, water is in direct contact with the lead and carries it into your home.

Some recent studies suggest that food is our main source of adulthuman exposure with as much as 60% of total ingested lead coming from the food we eat, air inhalation accounting for 30%, and water for 10%.

Children, pregnant women, and calcium deficient individuals are in thegreatest risk group for lead toxicity. What's frightening to realize isthat dangerously high levels of lead do not necessarily present any symptoms in children. So it's no surprise few Physicians or parents ever suspect lead toxicity in their children.

It's also interesting to note that many of the symptoms of ADHD,(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), mimic those of lead toxicity.I can't help but wonder how many children diagnosed with this disease mayactually be lead toxic instead. Take a look at the symptoms that may ormay not present themselves.

In children:

fatigue

crankiness

hyperactivity

convulsions

restlessness

headaches

insomnia

stupor

constipation
 

poor appetite

behavior and learning problems

brain and nervous system damage

slowed growth

earing and speech problems

nausea/vomiting

abdominal pain

anemia

lack of muscular coordination

  In adults:

difficulty during pregnancy, such as miscarriage, etc.

reproductive problems (men and women)

high blood pressure

digestive problems

nerve disorders

anemia

muscle and joint pain

memory and concentration problems

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Copyright © 1997 by Sheila Blythe-Saucier. Founder and owner of Safety Net-Child Safety Consultants, Sheila Blythe-Saucier is in the business of protecting children from the hazards that exist in their homes and communities. An R.N. for the last 20 years, Sheila extensively researched and authored a child safety book, which lead to the development of her business. Through a home inspection covering over 600 hazards commonly found in and around homes with young children, parents receive an education on protecting their kids fully, in a few hours time.

Live a Longer and Healthier LifeHerlan Westra

An unexpected research finding with great practical significance isthat experimental animals live longer with much lower rates of diseasewhen they consume less than the recommended daily allowance of calories.The finding is unexpected because we associate less-than-optimalnutrition with poor growth and health, and common sense tells us that wedo better if we are well nourished. In fact, most of us may beovernourished, and too much of a good thing may be doing us harm.

An adequate diet is one that provides not only enough calories butalso all of the nutrients necessary for efficient metabolism without anyexcesses that promote disease. What constitutes a good diet is a matterof controversy, and much of the controversy is based on emotion ratherthan reason.

An average person needs less than 2,000 calories daily, with 300 to400 of the calories coming from fat. Present labeling laws are helpfulin determining your caloric intake, but maintaining your weight orlosing weight is much more complicated. The FDA supports two ways todiet: increase exercise and decrease the intake of food.

Dieting Can Make You Fat

That's it? The secret to a long and healthy life is diet andexercise? Not really! Metabolism slows down during a diet, and the bodyburns fewer calories, causing more fat to be stored as a protectionagainst extended famine. When the food supply is restored, themetabolism is slow to respond, and the body stores even more fat. Inhumans, this yo-yo phenomenon is harmful - starvation diets simply foolthe body into starting a famine cycle. Once the diet is over, we areback to where we started, or worse.

Granted, exercise programs help keep the metabolism active, but mostof us are about as committed to our exercise programs as we are to ourdiets. We fall off the exercise program at the same time we end thediet, increasing the yo-yo effect. Then how should we combine dietingand exercise into a healthy life?

First we need to modify our diets, lowering caloric content withoutgreatly reducing the amount or the appeal of food we consume. The bestway of lowering caloric content is by cutting the fat content in ourdiets. Fat has almost twice as many calories per gram as protein andcarbohydrate.

Second we need to restrict caloric intake either by fasting or byeating a limited diet one day a week. Our body's metabolism will notreact quick enough to begin a famine cycle during a one-day diet.Fasting should include plenty of liquids, with enough fruit juices tomaintain a minimum caloric intake. When fasting, reduce the intake ofsupplemental vitamins and minerals, as some supplements may become toxicif not consumed with adequate amounts of food.

Vitamin Supplements

Our bodies don't benefit from the food we eat, but rather by what isdigested, assimilated and eliminated. The food is taken in, broken intosmaller and smaller parts until it can be absorbed and the by-productsdiscarded. Enzymes digest all of our food and make it small enough topass through the intestines into the blood. Enzymes are a part of everymetabolic process in the body, from the working of our glands to theproper functioning of our immune system. Enzymes require vitamins andminerals to do their work.

Many manufactured vitamin and mineral supplements, because they arefractionated (broken down into basic elements), are treated as toxicwaste in the body. Some minerals in an unnatural form can accumulate andcause harmful effects. Fortunately, many commercial vitamin and mineralsupplements are so badly formulated that they pass right through ourdigestive systems without breaking down and being absorbed.Unfortunately, we haven't received the benefit that we paid for.

Many people are now using all-natural herbal forms of vitamin andmineral supplements. Because these are in a natural form, they are moreeasily absorbed than manufactured supplements. They are also much lessconcentrated than manufactured supplements, and so are often safer.However, it is always best to consult with your personal physicianbefore taking any nutritional supplement.

The proper supplements, combined with proper diet and exercise, canhelp you live a longer and healthier life.

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Herlan Westra is the editor of Rhode Island Foghorn OnlineMagazine, which provides information and entertainment for a rapidly-growing audience nationwide. Herlan welcomes suggestions for future articles.

WHAT is Too Fat?Teresa King

In this day and age, it seems that more and more women and young teensare starving themselves to be in the current skinny mode. Why is thishappening?

In this overly commercially orientated world, with skinny models all overthe world, and people trying to emulate that look. I am quite sure it started withTwiggy, in the 1960's. I think Twiggy was smart. She looked at her skinny littleframe and realized that she was not like most girls, so instead of hiding herselfshe flaunted it.

Hence, comes skinniness, and billions of dollars are spent each yearwhile women, young and old, try to stay thin.

Health is going down hill. Years ago women had a bit of meat on theirbones and were beautiful. Now, they have dry skin. No extra energy. And, in myopinion look like skeletons.

It is one thing, to keep yourself, in shape, by exercising and keepingyourself toned up. It is quite another when you are starving your body, and robbing itof proper nutrients.

One thing that a lot of people are not aware of is what happens when youdon't eat enough calories. Your body, a wonderful machine, was built for starvingtimes and feasting time, as food was scarce sometimes and abundant at others. So,when you don't feed your body, your metabolism says oh, dear, here comesstarving times. And, it promptly slows down. Hence, starving and slow weightloss. So what does a person do. He/she eats less calories, and on goes the cycle.

Now we come to the Yoyo syndrome heavy, thin, heavy thin, heavy thin,and guess what happens? It gets harder to get the weight off each time. Whyis that? Because your body is confused. I was starved, I must slow down. I amgetting fed, I must store for starving times. Hence the Yoyo syndrome.

Now, what is too fat? Too fat is when you are carrying too much fat, andit is hard to move. Hard to breath. Too fat is not because at 5'4 inches you weigh 140lbs, and the Twiggy friend weighs 115lbs. Each person has a different bonestructure and some people have more muscle than others. And, yes, muscle weighs morethan fat. Hence a person at 140 lbs may actually have less fat then a personwho is the same height at 115 lbs.

If after reading this you still think you are too fat. Or, if you arereally too fat. Then the best diet is to exercise, cut down on junk food. Eat healthy foodssuch as fruits and veggies, whole grains, etc. Drink lots of water. Do not STARVEyourself. Try to get off hydrogenated fats. (And, this will take some reading. You will besurprised how much hydrogenated fats are in packaged foods) your body needs oil,just like a car. It is just some oils are better for you then others. Hydrogenatedfats are not needed.

Think build health. Get proper vitamins (all natural are best!) In thisday and age there is no way you can get the vitamins you need in the food you areeating. Unless, you watch every single bite, and read a tremendous amount ofliterature to learn and do so, plus growing your own food, so you know where it iscoming from. Do not go hungry. If you want to lose weight don't stuff yourself. Eatfrequent small meals, so you never get those out of control binges that low blood sugarcauses. So, there you have it in a nutshell.

As you build your health you can smile at that mirror and accept yourrosy cheeks, glossy shiny hair, soft skin, and an amazing abundance of energy. So whatif you weigh more than you think you should. You are you. Accept yourself. Goodluck!

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Copyright Teresa King
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Human Growth Hormone: Fountain of Youth or the Same Old Hype?Dr. John H. Maher and Dr. Bruce Howe

In this day and age, it seems that more and more women and young teensare starving themselves to be in the current skinny mode. Why is thishappening?

In this overly commercially orientated world, with skinny models all overthe world, and people trying to emulate that look. I am quite sure it started withTwiggy, in the 1960's. I think Twiggy was smart. She looked at her skinny littleframe and realized that she was not like most girls, so instead of hiding herselfshe flaunted it.

(A Brief Guide to Hgh Enhancement Supplements, the Current Rage inAnti-Aging, Longevity, Building Lean Body Mass, and Rejuvenating SexualPotency.)

What if you had a natural and safe product with clinically provenresults in the battle against aging? What if you could reverse aging? Looking,feeling, and performing 10, even 20 years younger?

What if you could burn fat without dieting or exercising; increase yourmuscle mass without exercise; improve your sexual drive and performance;enhance your athletic performance and endurance; have younger, tighter,thicker skin; eliminate cellulite; dramatically support truly refreshingdeep sleep; build stronger bones; alleviate menopause and maleandropause; improve your cholesterol and triglyceride profiles;strengthen your heart while lowering blood pressure; even improve yourhair growth and texture; improve mood, memory and concentration; strengthenyour immune system; and likely add years to your life?

Well... with human growth hormone (Hgh) enhancements you can. Over28,000 medical studies say you can!

Indeed, a 10 year study just completed in June 1998 for the NationalInstitute of Aging state the results with human growth hormone, alsoknown as Hgh, are too good to be true!

What is Hgh?

Nestled in the center of our heads there sits a rather tiny but verypowerful gland called the pituitary gland. Hgh is one of 7 hormonessecreted by the pituitary. Growth hormone, like thyroid hormone, hasan effect on almost all our tissues and organs. As the name implies, itenhances the growth of various organs and tissues, especially muscle andbone. Basically, human growth hormone increases protein synthesis. Proteins are the major building block out of which our body is made. Normal secretion of Hgh occurs in a daily cycle, like a tide. It varieswith exercise, sleep, stress and nutrition.

Why Does Hgh Enhancement Help?

As we hit middle age, there is a natural decline in hormone production,not only of Hgh, but estrogen, progesterone, DHEA, androstenedione, andtestosterone. With advancing age, an increase in the incidence ofosteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes, mood and memory disorders, lossof libido, , etc. occurs. Also, central obesity increases and musclesshrink. Scientific studies are demonstrating a causal relationship between thedecline in hormone levels and an increased incidence of theaforementioned conditions. The exciting development is that by replacing thesehormones, these developments can actually be reversed. Hormone replacement forestrogen, thyroid and now progesterone are commonplace. Is Hgh next?

What's the Downside?

Hgh was only used for children with certain growth disorders until themid 1980's. It was extremely expensive, as the only source was humancadavers!

Then recombinant DNA technology made it possible to engineer bacteriato produce Hgh. Still it cost about $200 to $300 per week to buy suchrecombinant Hgh! Plus, you need frequent blood tests, costing $100 pluseach time to monitor the proper dosage. And you have to give yourselfshots twice a day, though these are more inconvenient than painful.

There is some debate as to whether Hgh shots might stimulate cancer. Proponents counter that Hgh actually builds the immune system, thereforelikely helping to prevent cancer. The informed consensus opinion atthis time seems to be that those with cancer should not take Hgh as it mightstimulate cancer growth too!

Another concern is that Hgh shots, as with any hormone replacementtherapy regularly taken, tend to inhibit our own natural production. So, if youstop, you could really crash, having become dependent on an outsidesource of Hgh.

In Part II, we will continue our discussion on human growth hormone.

We will present information on natural Hgh secretagogues, a safer and much more affordable way to benefit from Hgh enhancements. And we willdiscuss ways to optimize your Hgh levels with nutrition, exercise, restand stress reduction.

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Dr. John H. Maher
Dr. Bruce Howe

Longevity Resources Int'l. is dedicated to providing you with thecutting edge in natural health products, scientific information, andprofessional guidance with quality, service, convenience, and economy, guaranteed!

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Human Growth Hormone: Fountain of Youth or the Same Old Hype? Part 2Dr. John H. Maher and Dr. Bruce Howe

Natural Human Growth Hormone Enhancements: the Hgh Secretagogues

Fortunately, for anti-aging enthusiasts, there are a variety of naturaloral Hgh enhancers that are much less expensive. Because they support,not replace, pituitary gland function, they don't shut down your ownnatural production. These are called secretagogues because they coaxor support your own glands to secrete their own hormones, not replace them.

Which Secretagogues Are Best?

As the oral Hgh enhancers (secretagogues) hit the market, caveatemptor! (buyer beware!) Most marketers will quote study results from Hghinjections and then claim them for their product! Here are 4 importantquestions to ask:

Has the Hgh product been independently lab tested, proving itraises IGF-1 by 50% or more on average? (IGF-1 stands for insulin like growthfactor and is the accepted way to measure Hgh response to oralsupplements and injections.) Were the studies conducted by a M.D. with expertcredential in anti-aging?

Has the Hgh anti-aging product been utilized by scores of doctorsfor several years to insure safety and effectiveness?

Are there testimonials not only from lay persons, but from M.D.'sfrom major universities with credentials in anti-aging medicine.

Does the Hgh enhancing product cost more than $2 per day? (Itshouldn't!)

My general opinion is to avoid legumes or bean based secretagogues asthey may increase estrogen. Oral recombinant Hgh sprays and drops are veryeffective, but too expensive, and too new to know about safety. Plusyou don't support your own production with oral recombinant Hgh, rather youare replacing it. Generally, combinations of amino acids like glutamine,arginine, orthinine ,lysine, flush free niacin and herbs are best. Pickproducts that have been used safely for at least several years, provento increase IGF-1 levels by 50% or more, have endorsements from wellcredentialed authorities, and cost less that $60/month.

Do I Need To See A Doctor First?

My personal opinion is that anyone serious about anti-aging should havea professional anti-aging health coach. Unfortunately, medical anti-agingclinics with Hgh injections cost about $20,000 per year, cash! Doctorslike myself who try to make available more modest longevity programs tofit to the middle class budget are rare indeed. Generally however, the moreover 40 you look, feel, and perform, the more likely you could probablybenefit from high quality, proven safe and effective Hgh secretagoguesas described herein. But be careful. You don't have too be much of anentrepreneur to figure out that youth in a bottle is a marketer's dream.Buyer beware!

How You Can I Enhance Your Hgh Levels Naturally

As you may recall from Part I, Hgh levels are affected by stress, restpatterns, nutrition and exercise.

Stressful lifestyles tend to focus the body on producing stress hormoneslike cortisol and ACTH . Too much stress hormone actually breakdownsmuscle tissue, inhibits repair, and interferes with sleep. If a long, vital,and happy life is on your busy agenda, then make fun, rest, play, and quiettimes a priority!

Hgh levels are strongly effected by our nutritional status. In theinfirm elderly Hgh levels have doubled from admittedly very low levels bysupplementing with 20 grams of protein from whey. Correcting suboptimalzinc status in otherwise apparently healthy subjects increased Hghlevels by 20%. As human growth hormone's effect is to stimulate growth, it willmaximize your results if you supply yourself with the necessary proteinand mineral building blocks through a nutrient dense diet. A high qualitymulti- vitamin/mineral, rich in anti-oxidants, is also to your health'sadvantage.

Exercise stimulates Hgh by reducing stress and promoting restful sleep.

However, weight lifting and to a lesser extent running wind sprints,directly enhances Hgh levels. Heavy weight lifting, like dead lifts,squats, and bench presses are the best. Performing 5 to 8 reps, 3 sets,at maximum effort is best.

Unless very experienced, be sure to get guidance from a trainer at yourgym or home.

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Dr. John H. Maher
Dr. Bruce Howe

Longevity Resources Int'l. is dedicated to providing you with thecutting edge in natural health products, scientific information, andprofessional guidance with quality, service, convenience, and economy, guaranteed!

FREE Longevity News e-zine. http://www.galaxymall.com/health/lri